目的 了解吉林省吉林市0~14岁儿童哮喘的流行现状、临床特征以及影响因素,为地区儿童哮喘防治和管理提供流行病学依据。 方法 2010年采用随机整群抽样法,在吉林市四个行政区抽取调查对象7 650名,首先对调查对象填写初筛表,再对确诊对象进行详细调查。 结果 吉林市0~14岁儿童哮喘累积患病率为2.94%,近1年现患率为1.70%。0~6岁哮喘的患病人数占总患病数的60%,其中1岁和3岁是两个患病年龄的高峰,上呼吸道感染、湿疹、过敏性鼻炎以及遗传因素等与儿童哮喘发病有关。 结论 2010年吉林市0~14岁儿童哮喘的患病率高于2000年全国儿童哮喘平均水平,多种因素可增加儿童哮喘的发病危险,4岁以下儿童,尤其是托幼儿童是哮喘高风险人群,应重视过敏体质高危儿呼吸道疾病的综合管理。

Objective To study the epidemiological state,influence factors on bronchia asthma of 0~14 years old children in Jilin city,and in order to provide the basis for asthma prevention and management. Method With cluster random sampling in 2010,7 650 cases were sampled in four districts in Jilin to fill in disease forms at first,and carry out detail check up. Results The accumulative incidence rate of asthma disease was 2.94%,the current incidence rate was 1.70%.0~6 years old was 60% in the total asthma prevalence,1 year old and 3 years old were two peak prevalence age.Respiratory infection,infantile eczema,allergic rhinitis and heredity were related to the asthma disease. Conclusions Incidence rate of asthma disease in children of 0~14 years old in Jilin city was higher than those of the mean level of China.Pathogenesis of asthma is influenced by many factors.Children younger than 4 years old are at high risk of asthma.The integrated management of respiratory allergies high-risk children should be paid attention to.