父母亲对孤独症症状的认识及严重程度影响因素的研究
- 刘文文,杨曹骅,张林娜,李焱,江文庆,杜亚松
作者信息
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Study on parental awareness of the symptoms and the influencing factors of severity.
- LIU Wen-wen,YANG Cao-hua,ZHANG Lin-na,LI Yan,JIANG Wen-qing,DU Ya-song.
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文章历史
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摘要
目的 探讨父母对孤独症患儿不同症状特点的认识及影响孤独症患儿严重程度的相关因素。 方法 研究者自行设计一般情况调查表,对经主治及以上职称的精神科医师诊断的孤独症患儿进行一般情况信息采集,对各相关因素进行χ2检验,阳性结果进行多因素Logistic回归分析。指导孤独症父母填写DSM-IV诊断标准、ABC量表、CARS量表。 结果 在对孤独症症状的认识上,父母和专业人员存在差异。典型的语言、交流缺陷是最被父母关注的。具有女性、父母文化程度低、新生儿窒息、剖宫产、易怒敏感古怪的性格特征、淡漠型混乱型的依恋类型、发现症状到就诊的间隔时间长等特征的孤独症患儿更有严重程度较重的倾向(P<0.05)。 结论 积极加强父母(养育者)对孤独症的认识,争取早发现、早诊断、早治疗,增加孤独症患儿融入社会的机会。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the cognition of parents in the different symptoms of children with autism and the influencing factors which affected the severity of the symptoms. Methods The self-designed general condition questionnaire was used to collect the general informations of autism which was diagnosed by attending doctor or to the superior,chi-square test was used to all of relevant factors,then the positive results were analyzed by the multivariate logistic regression analysis.The parents were guided to fill in the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria,ABC scale,CARS scale. Results The parents and professionals had different cognitions in the understanding of autism symptoms.Especially the typical defect of language and communication was the most concern for parents.Children with autism tended to be heavier in the symptoms who had the characteristics included female,low education level of parents,neonatal asphyxia and cesarean section,character of sensitivity and eccentric and irritability,attachment type of indifferent and chaos,the longer time interval from finding symptoms to seek treatment (P<0.05). Conclusions It is better to strengthen parental understanding of autism symptoms actively,and increase the opportunity for children with autism to integrate into society through early detection,early diagnosis,early treatment.
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参考文献
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[2] Kogan MD,Blumberg SJ,Schieve LA,et al.Prevalence of parent-reported diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder among children in the US,2007[J].Pediatrics,2009,124(5):1395-1403.
[3] Association A P.Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders:DSM-IV-TR[M].American Psychiatric Publishing,Inc.,2000.
[4] 陶国泰.儿童少年精神医学[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1999.
[5] Krug DA,Arick J,Almond P.Behavior checklist for identifying severely handicapped individuals with high levels of autistic behavior[J].Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,1980,21(3):221-229.
[6] 刘儒盛,杨晓玲,郭延庆,等.15 年来1176 例孤独症门诊病例回顾性分析[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2004,18(3):151-153.
[7] 郭楚如,刘玉珍,赵虎,等.24 例儿童孤独症行为干预的效果观察[J].护理学报,2008,15(5):86-88.
[8] Kirkovski M,Enticott PG,Fitzgerald PB.A review of the role of female gender in autism spectrum disorders[J].J Autism Dev Disord,2013,Mar23.[Epub abead of print].
[9] Holtmann M,Blte S,Poustka F.Autism spectrum disorders:Sex differences in autistic behaviour domains and coexisting psychopathology[J].Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology,2007,49(5):361-366. [10] Knickmeyer RC,Wheelwright S,Baron-Cohen SB.Sex-typical play:masculinization/defeminization in girls with an autism spectrum condition[J].Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,2008,38(6):1028-1035.
[11] Amiet C,Gourfinkel-An I,Bouzamondo A,et al.Epilepsy in autism is associated with intellectual disability and gender:evidence from a meta-analysis[J].Biological Psychiatry,2008,64(7):577-582.
[12] Fombonne E.Epidemiological surveys of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders:an update[J].Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,2003,33(4):365-382.
[13] Gabis L,Pomeroy J,Andriola MR.Autism and epilepsy:cause,consequence,comorbidity,or coincidence?[J].Epilepsy and Behavior,2005,7(4):652-656.
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)(2010CB529602);上海市科委重点项目(11411952401);上海市新三年计划项目(GWIII-32)
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