目的 研究不同胎龄早产儿的听力发育状况及听力检测的临床意义。方法 采用瞬态耳声发射(transient evoked otoacoustic emissions,TEOAE)和脑干听觉诱发电位(auditory brainstem response,ABR),对2012年1月-2012年8月在新生儿重症监护病房(neonatal intensive care unit,NICU)和母婴同室住院的328例早产儿和9 086例足月新生儿(对照组)进行听力筛查。结果 早产儿听力筛查的通过率明显低于足月儿(χ²=183.67,P＜0.01)。且胎龄越小的早产儿,听力筛查的通过率越低。28周≤胎龄＜31周35例,通过16例,通过率45.71%;31周≤胎龄＜34周124例,通过81例,通过率65.32%;34周≤胎龄＜37周169例,通过135例,通过率79.88%。各组通过率差异具有统计学意义(χ²=19.17,P＜0.01)。 结论 早产儿是听力损失的高危人群,应重点监测,早期诊治。

Objective To explore the clinical significance of the hearing detection on different gestational age preterm infants. Methods With Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions(TEOAE) and auditory brainstem response(ABR),328 cases of premature infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) and 9 086 cases of full-term newborns(control group) rooming-in were done hearing screening from January 2012 to August 2012. Results Pass rate of hearing screening on the preterm infants was significantly lower than the full-term children(χ²=183.67,P＜0.01).And the smaller the gestational age was,the pass rate of hearing screening was lower on preterm infants.28 weeks≤gestational age＜31 weeks,a total of 35 cases by 16 cases,the pass rate was 45.71%;31 weeks≤gestational age＜34 weeks,a total of 124 cases by 81 cases,the pass rate was 65.32%;34 weeks≤gestational age＜37 weeks,a total of 169 cases by 135 cases,the pass rate was 79.88%.The differences were statistically significant(χ²=19.17,P＜0.01). Conclusion Preterm infants are the high-risk group of hearing lossing,the group should be monitored especially,diagnosed and treated early.