目的 调查昆明市幼儿园学龄前儿童体质状况,评价儿童体格发育情况及运动能力,从而为提高学龄前集体儿童体质、预防儿童肥胖提供科学依据和指导。方法 随机整群抽取昆明市3所幼儿园767名3~6岁儿童,应用《北京市3~6岁儿童体质测试标准》对其进行体质测试,并对检测结果进行统计学分析。结果 1)昆明市儿童体质总体水平较差,优秀率仅为5.9%而不及格率高达24.5%;2)儿童各项体能素质发展不平衡,反应跑跳能力的项目优秀率相对较高(10米×2往返跑12.5%、圆周单脚持续跳跃18.8%、跳远12.8%),而表现肌力、耐力、平衡能力的运动优良率则较低(双脚持续跳跃6.1%、垒球投掷2.6%、平衡木7.4%);3)超重/肥胖儿童体质素质比体重正常儿童相对较差,超重/肥胖组儿童的不及格率(46.3%)显著高于体重正常组儿童(15.8%),而前者评价优秀率(0.9%)显著低于后者(7.8%,P<0.01)。 结论 进行体质测试可对儿童保健工作起科学指导作用,通过体质测定了解儿童的体质情况,为幼儿园的体格锻炼提供指导依据,体质评价还可作为肥胖儿童运动干预的有效指标。

Objective To investigate the conditions of physical fitness of 3~6-year-old children in Kunming,and evaluate the physical status. Methods A cross-sectional investigation was conducted among 3 kindergartens in urban area of Kunming city by random cluster sampling.767 children were investigated by using "The Test Standard of Physical Fitness for Children in 3~6 years old".Collecting data were further to analyze by different statistics methods. Results The general status of physical fitness evaluation was not quite satisfied and the failed rate was 24.5%;The children's physical quality development was not balanced,the pass rates of the sub-items in the speed and sensitivity ability were higher,but the pass rates of the sub-items in the strength,endurance and balance ability were lower.The overweight/obese children grades in the all 8 sub-items were lower than normal children,especially in Continued jumping with both feet and balance beam. Conclusions Taking exercise is very important for the health of 3~6 years old children.The parents and health care workers of kindergartens should pay much attention to it.The children physical fitness evaluation should be an effective method in future childhood obesity intervention.