目的 了解晋江市3~6周岁幼儿屈光状态异常发生率,探讨其危险因素,为学龄前儿童屈光异常干预提供依据。方法 采取随机整群抽样的方法抽取本市3 346名3~6周岁幼儿,采用SureSight自动验光仪进行屈光状态检查,进行相关因素的调查,并对结果进行统计分析。结果 3~6周岁幼儿3 346名(6 692眼)屈光状态异常率38.5%,不同年龄组之间比较差异有统计学意义(χ²=854.88,P＜0.001),不同性别之间比较,差异无统计学意义(χ²=7.773,P＞0.05);危险因素分析显示:3~6周岁幼儿近视与平均1 d看电视时间有关联;远视与母亲视力、父亲视力、幼儿营养状况有关联;散光与父亲视力、幼儿营养状况有关联。 结论 父、母亲视力先天遗传因素及儿童看电视的时间、营养状态等后天因素可影响儿童屈光发育。在学龄前儿童中早期进行屈光筛查,消除不良影响因素,对促进儿童视力正常发育十分重要。

Objective To investigate the abnormal refractive status and the risk factors in 3 to 6 years old children in Jinjiang city,and to provide information for the intervention of preschool children's abnormal refractive. Method A sample of 3 346 children aged 3 to 6 years old were selected randomly,examined the refractive status of the children with SureSight autorefractor,surveyed the relevant factors,and analyzed on the results. Results The abnormal rate of refractive status in 3 346 children(6 692 eyes,3 to 6 years old)was 38.5%,the difference among 3-year-old,4-year-old,5-year-old and 6-year-old group was statistically significant (χ²=854.88,P<0.001),there was no significant difference between the boys and girls (χ²=7.773,P>0.05).Analysis of risk factors:myopia in 3 to 6 years old children was associated with the average time watching TV one day;hyperopia was associated with mother's vision,father's vision and children's nutrition; astigmatism was associated with the father's vision and children's nutrition. Conclusion It is very important to screen refractive early and eliminate the adverse factors in the preschool children,so as to promote children's vision.