目的 了解宝鸡市城区0~14岁儿童哮喘流行情况,为有效预防及临床诊治提供依据。方法 采取整群抽样的方法,随机选取宝鸡市城区0~14岁儿童进行调查。结果 宝鸡市城区0~14岁儿童哮喘患病率为4.82%,男、女患病率分别为5.68%和3.82%,不同性别患病率差异有统计学意义(χ²=19.965,P＜0.001)。两年内有发作的现患哮喘患者发病诱因以呼吸道感染(98.96%)和天气变化(87.08%)为主,发病季节以秋(42.71%)和冬季(21.55%)为主,好发时间以午夜(43.13%)和清晨(29.38%)为主;首次发病年龄在3岁以内者占(71.04%);抗生素使用率为(85.21%)。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示,在无感冒或流感的情况下,有打喷嚏、流涕、鼻塞、鼻痒或眼痒现象是独立危险因素(P＜0.05),反复的皮肤瘙痒或关节屈侧皮疹、过敏性鼻炎、进食某些食物后出现过敏症状或类似过敏情况、剖腹产、6个月内添加蛋白质辅食、使用抗生素、房间墙面使用油漆、塑钢门窗、夏天采用自然通风制冷、蚕砂枕头是独立危险因素(P＜0.05);冬天采暖使用暖气、夏天通风或制冷使用电风扇、羽绒被褥是保护因素(P＜0.05)。 结论 宝鸡市城区0~14 岁儿童哮喘患病率较2000年明显升高,儿童哮喘危险因素较多,需加强儿童哮喘防治工作。

Objective To understand asthma prevalence in 0~14 years old children in Baoji city. Method The cluster sampling method was used to select randomly 0~14 years old Baoji children for investigation. Results Morbidity of asthma was 4.82% in 0~14 year-old children in Baoji,the morbidity of boys' and girls' were 5.68% and 3.82% respectivily,the difference of morbidity between different gender was statistically significant (χ²=19.965,P<0.001).In terms of patients who had asthma attack in near 2 years,predisposing factors were mainly respiratory infections(98.96%) and changes in the weather (87.08%),the seasons of asthma onset were autumn (42.71%) and winter (21.55%)primarily.An major hour of asthma onset were midnight (43.13%) and mane primo (29.38%).The age of the first asthma onset was under 3 years old accounted for 71.04%;rate of using antibiotic was 85.21%.Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis presented that in the case of no cold or flu,children had sneezing,runny nose,nasal congestion,nasal itching or eye itching phenomenon were independent risk factors for asthma(P<0.05),and repeated skin itching or joint flexor side rash,allergic rhinitis,allergic symptoms or similar allergies after eating some foods,caesarean,plus protein food within six months,history of using antibiotics,room wall using paint,doors and windows were made from plastic steel,coolingwith natural ventilation in summer,silkworm sand pillow were independent risk factors for asthma (P<0.05);Heater using in winter heating,ventilation or cooling using fans in summer and down duvets were protective factors of asthma (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared to 2000,the morbidity of asthma in 0~14 years of children in Baoji markedly rise,there are many risk factors of childhood asthma,and it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of children asthma.