目的 探讨学习障碍(learning disorder,LD)与膳食结构、饮食行为之间的关系,为改善LD儿童的膳食结构、饮食行为及探讨LD的病因提供依据。 方法 依据DSM-IV学习障碍诊断标准对小学三至六年级390名学生进行筛查评定,筛查出LD儿童49名,设对照组50名;通过问卷调查了解其膳食结构及饮食行为特征,并对结果进行分析。 结果 身高和体重在两组之间的差异无统计学意义(身高t=0.056;体重t=0.75,P值均>0.05)。膳食结构方面:常吃粗、杂粮是LD的保护因素(B=-0.549,OR=0.578),而常吃豆类或豆制品是危险因素(B=0.429,OR=1.535);两组学生早餐主要以谷类为主,牛奶或奶制品、鸡蛋或肉类比例不高,食用蔬菜或水果更少。对照组对营养早餐认知水平比LD组高,差异有统计学意义(χ²=9.464,P=0.009)。饮食行为方面:少吃零食和合理的选择早餐是LD的保护因素(B=-0.694,OR=0.500;B=-0.328,OR=0.721)。家庭情况方面:家庭月收入多是LD的保护因素(B=-0.753,OR=0.471);LD父母文化程度较对照组低(χ²=20.067,P=0.000)。 结论 两组学生早餐膳食结构不合理,LD者对营养早餐的认知水平较低;合理选择早餐食物品种对改善LD具有意义;不合理的膳食结构和早餐模式是导致LD的重要环境因素之一。

Objective To explore the relationship between learning disabilities(LD)and dietary patterns /dietary behaviors in children with LD,for improving their eating patterns and dietary behaviors so as to reveal the probable etiology of LD. Method The LD children(n=49)and control(n=50)were selected from 390 students in grade three to six in Guangzhou according with DSM-IV LD diagnostic criteria.The eating behaviors and patterns were investigated by questionnaires. Results The height and weight showed no significant difference between two groups(height,t=0.056;weight,t=0.75,all P>0.05).In dietary patterns ,eat more roughage was protective factors for LD(B=-0.549,OR=0.578).But more beans and bean products was risk factors for LD(B=0.429,OR=1.535).Both groups children's breakfast consisted of more grain and lack of milk or milk products,egg,meat,vegetable and fruit.The knowledge about healthy breakfast in control group was better than LD group(χ²=9.464,P=0.009).In dietary behaviors:less snacks and advisable food selected in breakfast were protective factors for LD(B=-0.694,OR=0.500,B=-0.328,OR=0.721).High family income was protective factors for LD(B=-0.753,OR=0.471)and the parents education background was poorer in LD than control group(χ²=20.067,P=0.000). Conclusions The breakfast eating pattern is not rational in two groups.The knowledge of nourishing breakfast in control children is better than LD children.Advisable breakfast choices is very important for LD children.Incorrect components of diet and not having adequate breakfast may be one of important environmental causes in forming LD.