过敏是一种异常免疫状况,从食物过敏起步,以牛奶蛋白作为最早的表现形式。及早认识、诊断和治疗牛奶过敏不仅可解除牛奶过敏本身对婴儿的不良影响,而且有益于中止和延缓过敏从皮肤、消化道,发展到上呼吸道,乃至下呼吸道的过敏历程的发展。由于引起牛奶过敏的机制包括IgE介导、非IgE介导、IgE和非IgE混合介导三种免疫机制,很难通过皮肤点刺试验和特异性IgE检测进行准确诊断。所以,牛奶过敏可以回避试验进行初诊,口服牛奶激发试验作为确诊的方法,具有准确且临床易行的优势。氨基酸配方作为牛奶回避时的营养保证,还可作为严重全身过敏反应、严重肠病并发低蛋白血症或生长缓慢婴儿的首选治疗配方。牛奶过敏一旦被确诊,应回避牛奶至少6个月或至9~12月龄。绝大多数患牛奶过敏的婴幼儿都可耐受深度水解配方粉作为治疗配方。
关键词
牛奶蛋白 /
过敏: 儿童
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参考文献
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