目的 了解幼儿智能发育情况及其影响因素,为促进幼儿智能发育提供理论依据。方法 对2011年7月-2012年7月在武汉市妇女儿童医疗保健中心儿保门诊健康体检的全部1~2岁幼儿,采用《0~6 岁小儿神经心理发育诊断量表》进行智力测查,并以问卷形式进行相关因素调查。结果 922例幼儿中,男童546名,女童376名,以12~13月组人数最多(288例,31.24%),多分布于江岸区(390例,42.30%);幼儿平均发育商为85.42±9.46,发育商评价大多处于正常(50.00%)和偏低(41.00%)水平,五大能区中精细运动能区大多处于偏低水平(50.54%);儿童性别为男性、母亲文化程度低和出生时有窒息为发育商低下的相关危险因素。结论 1~2岁幼儿智能发育状况一般,在精细运动方面有待加强;应广泛推广优生优育,加强对窒息儿生后的管理,对全面提升幼儿智能发育水平有重要意义。

Objective To explore the intellectual development and its influential factors of 1~2 years old children in Wuhan and to provide theoretical evidences for promoting their levels of intellectual development. Methods The intelligence of all 1~2 years old children were tested who did the health check-up in Wuhan Maternal and Child Health Care Center from July 2011 to July 2012 according to the children aged 0~6 years old neuropsychological development diagnosis scale.And the questionnaire survey was used to find out the related factors. Results There were 546 boys and 376 girls among the 922 children.The number of the 12~13 months old group was the biggest (288,31.24%).And most of them lived in Jiang'an district (390,42.30%).The average developmental quotient of the children was 85.42±9.46,and most of the evaluation of the developmental quotient were at the normal(50.00%)and low (41.00%) level.The fine motor zone was mostly at a low level among the five functional zones (50.54%).The male gender of children,the low educational level of mothers and having apnea at birth were the correlated risk factors of the qualified developmental quotient. Conclusions The levels of intellectual development of 1~2 years old children in Euhan city are well-developed in the aspect of large motor and cognitive,and needs to be strengthened in the aspect of fine motor,language and social behavior.It will comprehensively improve the level of intellectual development of children through promoting the eugenics,enhancing the intervention of asphyxia children after born.