目的 分析围产儿出生缺陷情况,了解其动态变化,进一步做好出生缺陷防控工作。方法 对吉林省2002-2011年监测医院出生的孕28周至生后7 d的1 502 020例围产儿按照国家出生缺陷监测方案进行监测。结果 共监测1 502 020例围产儿,缺陷儿11 892例,出生缺陷总发生率为79.17/10⁴,主要缺陷类型是先天性心脏病、总唇裂、多指(趾)、先天性脑积水、神经管缺陷。农村和城镇地区的出生缺陷发生率分别为70.01/10⁴和89.72/10⁴。男性和女性围产儿的出生缺陷发生率分别为84.89/10⁴和71.04/10⁴。母亲年龄20岁以下缺陷儿的发生率最高,35岁以上次之。先天性心脏病发生率从2002年的5.61/10⁴上升至2011年的13.67/10⁴,多指(趾)发生率从2002年的5.75/10⁴升高至2011年的11.69/10⁴,神经管缺陷发生率从2002年的8.40/10⁴下降至2011年的3.47/10⁴。结论 吉林省近10年神经管缺陷和总唇裂发生率降低明显,先天性心脏病和多指(趾)发生率升高明显。深入研究出生缺陷致畸因素,普及健康教育,加强三级预防措施,降低出生缺陷发生水平,做好优生优育工作。

Objective By analyzing 1 502 020 cases of perinatal birth defects,to understood the dynamic changes of the birth defects in Jilin Province from 2002 to 2011,and a better job of birth defects prevention and control work should be done.Method According to hospital-based monitory,perinatal infants aged from 28 weeks of gestation to 7 days after birth in Jilin province from 2002 to 2011 were monitored for birth defects. Results A total of 1 502 020 cases of perinatal were monitored,11 892 cases were found defects in children,the incidence of birth defects was 79.17/10⁴.The main type of defect were congenital heart disease,total cleft lip,polydactyly,congenital hydrocephalus,neural tube defects.The incidences of birth defects in rural and urban areas were 70.01/10⁴ and 89.72/10⁴.The incidence of birth defects of the boys and girls were 84.89/10⁴ and 71.04/10⁴.The incidence of birth defects of the pregnant women aged less 20 years and over 35 years were the highest among all pregnant women.The incidence of congenital heart disease was 13.67/10⁴ in 2011,up from 5.61/10⁴ in 2002,and incidence of polydactyly was 11.69/10⁴ in 2011,up from 5.75/10⁴ in 2002,the incidence of neural tube defects had dropped to 3.47/10⁴ in 2011 from 8.40/10⁴ in 2002. Conclusions Neural tube defects and cleft lip incidence showed a decreasing trend,congenital heart disease and multi-finger (toe) the incidence showed an increasing trend from 2002 to 2011 in Jilin.The factors of birth defects and universal access to health education should be studied to reduce the level of incidence of birth defects,prenatal and postnatal care work.Three-level prevention system are effective preventions of birth defects.