目的 探讨宝鸡市区儿童哮喘的危险因素,为临床治疗提供参考。方法 采取两阶段分层整群随机抽样调查方法,抽取宝鸡市金台区、渭滨区、陈仓区1 029名0~14岁儿童进行哮喘危险因素调查,利用χ²检验,多因素非条件二分类Logistic回归分析儿童哮喘影响因素。结果 经单因素分析个人药物过敏史、家族过敏史、剖宫产、房间装修等27个因素有统计学意义(P＜0.05);多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示,在未感冒或流感的情况下,有打喷嚏、流涕、鼻塞、鼻痒或眼痒现象,反复的皮肤瘙痒或关节屈侧皮疹、过敏性鼻炎、进食某些食物后出现过敏症状或类似过敏情况、剖腹产、6个月内添加蛋白质辅食、使用抗生素、房间墙面使用油漆、塑钢门窗、夏天采用自然通风制冷、蚕砂枕头是独立危险因素(P＜0.05);冬天采暖使用暖气、夏天通风或制冷使用电风扇、羽绒被褥是保护因素(P＜0.05)。结论 儿童哮喘危险因素较多,尽量避免暴露危险因素,建议婴儿6月内实行母乳喂养,对预防和控制儿童哮喘具有重要意义。

Objective To investigate the risk factors for children asthma in Baoji city. Method A two-stage stratified cluster random sampling survey methods was used to select 1 029 children under 14 years old from Jintai district,Weibin district and Chencang district in Baoji city for investigating on risk factors of children asthma,χ² test and non-conditional Logistic Regression were used to analyse factors of asthma. Results Univariate analysis showed that the personal history of drug allergy,family history of allergies,cesarean section,room decoration,etc,27 factors at total were statistically significant (P<0.05);Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis presented that in the case of no cold or flu,children had sneezing,runny nose,nasal congestion,nasal itching or eye itching phenomenon,and repeated skin itching or joint flexor side rash,allergic rhinitis,allergic symptoms or similar allergies after eating some foods,caesarean,plus protein food within six months,history of using antibiotics,room wall using paint,doors and windows were made from plastic steel,coolingwith natural ventilation in summer,feculae bombycis pillow were independent risk factors for asthma (P<0.05 );Heater useing in winter heating,ventilation or cooling using fans in summer and down duvets were protective factors of asthma (P<0.05). Conclusion There are many risk factors of childhood asthma,children with asthma should avoid exposuring to risk factors,breastfeed was recommended for infants under 6 months;It is great significance for the prevention and control of children asthma.