【目的】 了解回族学龄期儿童自我意识的发展水平及其影响因素。 【方法】 采用儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)和自编一般情况调查问卷对495名回族中小学生进行调查分析与评价。 【结果】 回族学龄期儿童自我意识总体水平显著低于全国城市常模(P＜0.001);女生的行为、焦虑、合群3个因子的得分及总分显著高于男生(P＜0.05);随着年级的增高,回族儿童自我意识得分降低;家庭环境因素中父母文化程度、职业、家庭收入、家庭类型对儿童自我意识均有影响;学校因素中学习成绩、师生关系、与同学关系对儿童自我意识的各因子及总分均有明显影响。 【结论】 学龄期儿童正处于自我意识发展的关键时期,营造良好的家庭与学校环境,是提高儿童心理健康水平的有力保障。

【Objective】 To know about the developmental level and risk factors of the self-concept of Hui nationality school-age children. 【Method】 The Piers-Harris Children's Self-concept Scale(PHCSS) and Self-designed Questionnaire were used to investigate 495 Hui nationality school-age children. 【Results】 The whole lever of self-concept of the Hui nationality school-age children was significantly lower than the level of Chinese norms(P<0.01).Girls got higher scores than boys about behavior,anxiety,gregariousness as well as total score(P<0.01).And the score was becoming lower with the grade growing.Parents' education,occupation,family income,family type had effects on self-concept.And so did the school environment factors,such as study score,teacher-student relationship,classmate relationship.The level of pupil's self-concept was markedly higher than the level of the middle school students. 【Conclusions】 School age is the critical period of the development of self-concept.To create a better environment of family and school is an effective protection to improve the children mental health.