【目的】 探讨反复呼吸道感染学龄前儿童气质和行为特点,为能正确教育、抚养该类儿童提供理论依据。 【方法】 在5所幼儿园选择4~5岁反复呼吸道感染学龄前儿童145例为观察组,同龄健康儿童244例作为对照组,采用“NYLS 3~7岁儿童气质问卷”和“Achenbach儿童行为量表父母问卷”进行儿童气质和行为测评。 【结果】 观察组气质类型分布以及气质维度在活动水平、规律性、趋避性、适应性、反应强度、注意力分散度上和对照组差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);适应性是反复呼吸道感染的相关因子;观察组男童的行为问题检出率和躯体诉述、抑郁、幼稚不成熟、分裂样、攻击5个因子与对照组男童比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);观察组女童的行为问题检出率和行为8个因子与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。 【结论】 反复呼吸道感染儿童的气质特点与正常儿童不同,适应性是发生反复呼吸道感染的相关因子,反复呼吸道感染儿童易发生行为问题。

【Objective】 To investigate the temperamental and behavioral characteristics in preschool children with recurrent respiratory tract infections. 【Methods】 145 preschool children aged 4~5 years old with recurrent respiratory tract infections served as recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs) group,244 healthy children served as control group and all were from 5 kindergartens.Using the "NYLS children's temperament questionnaire for 3~7 years old "and "Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist for parents",the temperament and the behavior of the children were rated. 【Results】 The difference in six temperament dimensions activity level,rhythmicity,phobotaxis,adaptability,intensity of reaction,distractibility was significant (P<0.05),as well as the qualities type's distribution between RRTIs group and control group(P<0.01).The adaptability was related to recurrent respiratory tract infections.In boys,difference in the incidence rate of behavior problems was significant between the RRTIs group and the control group (P<0.05),the scores of body problem,depression,immaturity,schizophymia,aggressivity were significantly higher in RRTIs group than in control group (P<0.05).In girls,the incidence rate of behavior problems and the scores of eight behavior factors were also significantly higher in RRTI group than in control group (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 There is difference in temperamental characteristics between children with recurrent respiratory tract infections and normal children,adaptability is related to the occurrence of recurrent respiratory tract infections,children with recurrent respiratory tract infections are prone to have behavior problems.