【目的】 了解南京市区4~6岁儿童视力发育现状与发育趋势,为评估学龄前儿童视力发育提供理论依据,并做好弱视的防治工作。 【方法】 选取2011年南京市区部分学龄前儿童(4~6岁)进行远视力检查和屈光筛查,对屈光筛查正常的儿童进行视力发育状况的统计分析。 【结果】 4~6岁屈光筛查正常儿童视力发育曲线随年龄增长呈上升趋势。4岁、5岁和6岁组视力水平的P₅、P₂₅、P₅₀分别是4.7、4.8、4.9;4.8、4.9、4.9; 4.8、4.9、5.0。屈光筛查偏离儿童视力≤P₅水平的百分率明显高于屈光正常儿童(P<0.01)。 【结论】 4~6岁儿童视力发育随着年龄增长不断完善;应结合屈光筛查,动态监测儿童视力发育,以早期发现弱视。

【Objective】 To investigate the visual acuity situation and development trend of the preschool children from 4~6 years old and in order to provide the theory basis for the preschool children's vision evaluation. 【Method】 The preschool children from 4~6 years old in the city of Nanjing attended the visual acuity examination and refraction screening in the year of 2011.The results of visual acuity with refraction screening passed were analyzed. 【Results】 The curve of visual development with normal refraction increased as the age increasing.Visual acuity at P₅,P₂₅,P₅₀ was 4.7,4.8,4.9 of 4 years old; 4.8,4.9,4.9 of 5 years old,and 4.8,4.9,5.0 of 6 years old.The rate of visual acuity ≤P₅ was higher in the children with abnormal refraction than the children with normal refraction (P<0.01). 【Conclusions】 The development of visual acuity from 4~6 years old children is continuously prefected as the age increasing.It is important to combine refraction screening and vision monitoring termly and continuously in order to decrease the rate of amblyopia.