【目的】 了解南京市区学龄前儿童发育性运动协调障碍(developmental coordination disorder,DCD)的发生情况并分析其影响因素。 【方法】 采取分层随机整群抽样的方法抽取南京市区6所幼儿园4~6岁的儿童,共750例,由儿童的父母填写儿童DCD问卷和自编的基本情况调查表,对数据进行χ2检验和非条件Logistic回归分析。 【结果】1)南京市区学龄前儿童DCD的阳性检出率为24.7%。不同年龄儿童间阳性检出率差异有高度统计学意义(χ2=19.748,P=0.000),不同性别间差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.239,P＞0.05)。2)DCD组儿童在年龄、早期发育时是否爬行笨拙、独立行走时间、熟练用勺时间、熟练用筷时间、平均每天运动时间、运动项目种类方面与正常组差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。3)非条件Logistic回归分析中,是否爬行笨拙、独立行走时间和平均每天运动时间会对运动协调障碍的发生产生影响。 【结论】 DCD在南京市区学龄前儿童中发生率较高,应对家长和老师进行宣教并指导其采取相应的早期干预措施以促进儿童运动协调功能的发展。
Abstract
【Objective】 To investigate the distribution and its influential factors of the developmental coordination disorder (DCD) of preschool children in Nanjing city. 【Methods】 A cross-sectional survey with cluster random sampling was performed.750 children aged 4~6 years old from 6 kindergartens of Nanjing city were selected as survey venues,whose parents would complete the developmental coordination disorder questionnaire and the basic situation questionnaire and the Chi-square test and unconditional logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. 【Results】 1) The prevalence of DCD in preschool children was 24.7%.There were high significant difference in the prevalence of DCD among children of different ages(χ2=19.748,P=0.000),and no statistical significance was found between boys and girls(χ2=1.239,P＞0.05).2) The children with DCD were different from the normal children on the age,whether crawling clumsily or not,the time began to walk,the time began to use the spoon,the time began to use the chopsticks as well as the time and interested items for everyday's exercise (P＜0.05).3) Whether crawling clumsily or not,the time began to walk and the average time for everyday's exercise affected the happening of the DCD according to the unconditional logistic regression analysis. 【Conclusions】 The prevalence of DCD is higher in the preschool children population.Measures should be taken to promote the children's coordination ability by the parents and teachers.
关键词
发育性运动协调障碍 /
危险因素 /
学龄前儿童
Key words
developmental coordination disorder /
risk factors /
preschool children
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参考文献
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基金
国家自然科学基金(30801255);江苏省医学重点人才(RC2011022);南京市医学科技发展项目(201108007)
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