【目的】 对已经发表的研究空气污染、呼吸道感染和母乳喂养与儿童哮喘的相关性的论文结果进行系统的Meta分析。 【方法】 搜索中国学术期刊全文数据库以及文献追溯等途径收集国内2002年起有关室内空气污染、呼吸道感染和母乳喂养与儿童哮喘关系的病例对照结果,计算合并OR值及95％的可信区间并检查文献间的异质性。 【结果】 共5篇文献被纳入分析,各文献之间没有明显异质性。在室内空气污染、呼吸道感染和母乳喂养3个相关因素中,呼吸道感染对儿童哮喘的危险性最大,合并OR值为2.26;室内空气污染的危险最小,合并OR值为0.35;母乳喂养可以降低儿童哮喘的危险,合并OR值为0.36。 【结论】 本文研究发现呼吸道感染是中国儿童哮喘的最危险因素,同时结果也表明室内空气污染也是儿童哮喘的危险因素之一,母乳喂养作为一种保护因素,可以降低儿童哮喘的危险性。

【Objective】 To review published literature and perform a meta-analysis summarizing the evidence in support of the association between childhood asthma and three exposure factors (indoor air pollution by using coal for heating, respiratory infections and breastfeeding). 【Methods】 Online database were systematically searched which included China Journals Full-text Database for publications since 2002. The meta-analysis included only original studies. It was used to derive a combined odds ratio(OR) and 95% confidence interval(CI) and test for heterogeneity in the findings between studies. 【Results】 5 studies met inclusion criteria. Compared with control, respiratory infections conferred the most significant increased odds of childhood asthma(OR:2.26,95%CI:1.88~2.64). Similar increase in the OR of childhood asthma due to indoor air pollution(OR:0.35,95%CI:0.20~0.50) was also observed. Breastfeeding was the protective factor of childhood asthma(OR:0.36,95%CI:0.55~0.17). There was no evidence of heterogeneity that was statistically significant(P<0.05). 【Conclusions】 This analysis found strong and consistent association between respiratory infections and childhood asthma in China. It suggests that there is minor effect of indoor air pollution on childhood asthma. And breastfeeding was found to be protective factor. More works need to be done to improve breastfeeding rate because the rate shows a tendency to descend as a result of the fast rhythm of urbanism in China.