【目的】 探讨哈尔滨市3～5岁儿童忽视状况与父母教养方式的相关关系,为预防儿童忽视的发生提供依据。 【方法】 采用随机整群抽样的方法,对哈市8所幼儿园1 148名儿童家长进行调查,采用“中国3～6岁城区儿童忽视状况调查问卷”和“父母教养方式问卷”进行调查。 【结果】 哈尔滨市3～5岁城区儿童总忽视率为34.9%,总忽视度为33.7,与2002年全国的调查结果相比,总忽视率间差异有统计学意义,总忽视度差异无统计学意义。男、女童在忽视率和忽视度上差异无统计学意义;不同年龄忽视率间差异有统计学意义。父母教养方式中,父亲与母亲在采用保护担忧、鼓励成就的教养方式上存在差异性。父母教养方式中接受、鼓励独立、鼓励成就等与忽视各维度的忽视度呈显著负相关,拒绝与身体忽视度、情感忽视度等呈显著正相关,惩罚定向与医疗忽视度、安全忽视度呈正相关。父母教养方式中无忽视组家庭在接受、鼓励独立、惩罚定向、保护担忧及鼓励成就等五个维度的得分高于有忽视组的得分,差异有统计学意义。 【结论】 哈尔滨市3～5岁儿童忽视状况较全国严重,并且儿童忽视与家庭教养方式密切相关,应引起重视。
Abstract
【Objective】 Exploring the relationship among children aged 3~5 and the Parental Rearing Styles in Harbin. To study the status of child neglect among children aged 3~5 in Harbin city, and to provide evidence for the prevention measures. 【Methods】 1 148 children's parents with children aged 3～5 years were chosen from eight kindergartens in Harbin with randomly stratified and cluster sampling. They were investigated by "the evaluation questionnaire of child neglect of urban children aged 3～6 years in china" and "child rearing practices reports". 【Results】 The total neglect rate was 34.9% and neglect degree was 33.7 among children aged 3~5 in Harbin city, this result was slightly higher than the nation's average levels investigated in 2002. There was no significant difference in neglect rate and neglect degree between the male and female children. The neglect rate had no significant difference. The protection and worry, encourage achievement of father and mother in parental rearing styles were different. The acceptance, encourage independent, encourage achievement in parental rearing styles with the every degree of neglect showed significantly negative correlation. The refuse with physical neglect degree, emotional neglect degree, showed positive correlation. Punishment with medical neglect degree and safety neglect degree showed significantly negative correlation. The scores of acceptance, encourage achievement, punishment, protection and worry, encourage achievement in parental rearing styles was significantly higher than the family of neglect. 【Conclusions】 The status of child neglect among urban children aged 3~5 years in Harbin is more serious than the nation's average levels, and the relation between status neglect among children aged 3~5 and the Parental Rearing Styles in Harbin are closely related, so the relevant departments should pay attention to this issue.
关键词
忽视 /
父母教养方式 /
儿童
Key words
neglect /
parental rearing styles /
children
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