【目的】 掌握深圳市盐田区5岁以下儿童死亡情况及主要死因并探讨干预措施。 【方法】 对2000-2010年盐田区5岁以下儿童死亡资料进行回顾性分析。 【结果】 1)5岁以下儿童死亡率为3.85‰,早期新生儿死亡率为1.82‰,新生儿死亡率为2.29‰,婴儿死亡率为3.10‰,1~4岁儿童死亡率为0.74‰;2)5岁以下各年龄组死亡构成为:早期新生儿死亡占47.4%,新生儿死亡占59.6%,婴儿死亡占80.7%,1~4岁儿童死亡为19.3%;3)具有常住户籍的5岁以下儿童死亡率为1.91‰,流动户籍为5.49‰,差异有高度统计学意义(χ²=12.31,P<0.01);4)5岁以下儿童死亡原因依次为:意外死亡、出生窒息、早产和低出生体重、先天异常、先天性心脏病、新生儿肺出血和其他疾病。 【结论】 降低婴儿、新生儿尤其是早期新生儿死亡率是降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的关键;预防意外死亡是降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的当务之急;需进一步加强对流动人口的妇幼保健管理。

【Objective】 To master the death situation and dominant death cause in children under 5 years old in Yantian district of Shenzhen,and find intervening methods. 【Method】 The death data of children under 5 years old in Yantian district from 2000 to 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. 【Results】 1)The death rate of children under 5 years old was 3.85‰, in premature new-born was 1.82‰, in new-born was 2.29‰, in infant was 3.10‰,in children aged 1~4 years was 0.74‰. 2)The percentage of death in children under 5 years old as following: 47.4% in premature new-born, 59.6% in new-born, 80.7% in infant, and 19.3% in children aged 1~4 years. 3)The death rate of children in permanent resident population was significantly lower than that in floating population (χ² = 12.31,P<0.01) . 4)The main death causes were in turn:accidental death, birth asphyxia, and premature delivery and low birth weight. 【Conclusions】 The key to reduce the death rate of children under 5 years old is to reduce the death rate of premature new-born. Prevention of accidental death is the urgent affair.