【目的】 探讨7～12月婴儿注意发展的特点、影响因素及是否与气质存在相关性。 【方法】 75名正常婴儿给予球、车、书3个玩具,每个自由玩耍90 s,全程摄像,计算机回放录像,评估婴儿的注意时间包括专注注意和偶然注意的时间。4～12月婴儿气质量表由养育人填写,评定婴儿的气质类型及气质因子。 【结果】 对3个玩具的平均注意总时间为(28.8±12.9) s,专注注意时间(11.4±7.4) s,偶然注意时间为(17.4±8.3) s、专注注意短于偶然注意时间(t =4.7,P＜0.01)。婴儿对3个玩具的注意时间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),两两比较显示,婴儿对书的注意时间多于对车、球的注意时间,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),而车与球之间的注意时间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。未发现男、女及按月龄分为7.0月～、9.0月～、11.0～12.0月三组间的注意时间差异。婴儿各气质类型间的注意时间差异无统计学意义,Pearson相关分析显示,注意时间与各气质维度无相关性。 【结论】 7～12月婴儿的专注注意短于偶然注意,婴儿对不同玩具的注意保持时间的差异有统计学意义,注意时间与其气质无相关性。
Abstract
【Objective】 To investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of attention and the correlation between attention and temperament at 7～12 months infants. 【Methods】 A toy car, a ball and a book were given successively to the infants playing for 90 seconds each one. The period of infant free play was videotaped so that it could be scored for focused and casual attention by observers to analyse attention time. The temperament types and dimensionalities were assessed with Carey Infant Temperament Questionnaire which was answered by the main caregiver. 【Results】 The average total attention time was (28.8±12.9) s, focused attention was (11.4±7.4) s and casual attention was (17.4±8.3) s per 90 seconds for the three toys. The focused attention time was shorter than casual attention time (t =4.7,P＜0.01). There were significant differences among the 3 toys in attention time(P＜0.01). The LSD-t test showed that the attention time to the book was longer than that of the car or the ball(P＜0.01), but there was no significance difference between the car and the ball(P＞0.05). There was significant difference neither between male and female infants nor among the different age-group of 7~12 months. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between attention time and temperamental dimensionalities. The attention time among the different temperament type infants had no significant difference. 【Conclusions】 The focused attention time is shorter than casual attention time at 7～12 months infants. The baby's sustained attention time is significant differences in different toys, but it is not related to infant temperament.
关键词
专注注意 /
偶然注意 /
气质 /
婴儿
Key words
focused attention /
casual attention /
temperament /
infant
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参考文献
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基金
青岛市科技发展指导计划(医疗卫生专项)(K2-14)
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