【目的】 了解长沙市儿童青少年儿童血压水平及高血压的流行现状,为预防儿童青少年高血压提供依据。 【方法】 采用随机整群抽样方法,随机抽取长沙市18所中学生,对其初一至高二的全部学生进行血压和体格测量,并进行血压和营养状况的评价。 【结果】 1)18 922名12~17岁儿童青少年中,检出患高血压者1 276人,占6.7%;临界高血压者1 127人,占6.0%;2)儿童收缩压(systolic blood pressure, SBP)和舒张压(diatolic blood pressure, DBP)随年龄增长而增加,12岁女生的SBP和DBP高于男生,但男生逐渐追赶,16岁时超过女生水平;3)就高血压发生率而言,男生高于女生,随年龄增长发生率增高,但女生、较低年龄组临界高血压发生率较高;4)肥胖组的高血压和临界高血压发生率最高,其次为超重组,正常体重组的发生率最低,差异有统计学意义(χ²=69.348,P=0.000)。 【结论】 长沙市12~17岁儿童青少年高血压发生率处于中等水平,男生血压增长速度较快,儿童高血压发生率与肥胖呈正相关。

【Objective】 To study blood pressure level and the epidemic status of hypertension in teenagers aged 12~17 years old in Changsha in order to provide reference data for prevention of teenagers hypertension. 【Methods】 According to cluster sample method sampling pricipal, all students from junior 1 to senior 2 in 18 middle schools were measured about their blood pressure, height and weight. At the same time, the level of blood pressure and nutrition status were evaluated. 【Results】 1)Among 18 922 teenagers aged 12~17 years old, 1 276 teenagers were attacked with hypertension and 1 127 teenagers were borderline hypertension, their prevalence ratios were 6.7% and 6.0% respectively. 2)The levels of SBP and DBP increased as the age rised. In 12 years old, the levels of SBP and DBP among girls were more than those of boys. The boys gradually catched up after then and exceeded girls. 3)The hypertension ratio among boys was more than girls and increased as the age rised. But the borderline hypertension ratios were higher among girls and lower age groups. 4)In the obesity group, the hypertension ratio and borderline hypertension ratio were highest and which were second in overweight group and lowest in the normal weight. There was significant difference among groups(χ²=69.348,P=0.000). 【Conclusions】 The hypertension ratio is intermediate level for teenagers aged 12~17 years old in Changsha, the blood pressure level of boys rises rapidly. The hypertension ratio is positively correlated with obesity.