【目的】 探讨北京农村幼儿气质、父母养育方式对同期儿童行为的影响及其随年龄增长预测作用的变化,以及行为问题的稳定性,为因材施教,减少儿童行为问题提供依据。 【方法】 在北京市5个区县随机整群抽取身体健康,使用丹佛发育筛选测验(DDST)筛查正常的2~3岁农村儿童,采用幼儿气质评估表(TTS),3~7岁儿童气质问卷(BSQ)进行儿童气质的研究,儿童抚养行为Q分类卡片了解养育方式,Achenbach的儿童行为调查表(CBCL,2~3岁用,4~16岁用)追踪调查儿童行为问题。 【结果】 1)在儿童2~3岁时,行为问题的主要影响因素为遗传因素,即儿童气质,气质对于内化行为的影响大于外化行为;家庭养育环境影响虽然显著,但预测作用很小;围生期危险因素主要对外化行为有影响。气质与养育情况及孕期情况结合可以提高方程的预测率;2)早期儿童气质的“节律性”与父母的“拒绝”相关,并对后期行为问题有预测作用;3)儿童内化、外化行为问题具有一定稳定性,外化行为问题的稳定性高于内化行为问题。 【结论】 儿童气质与父母养育方式对同期及2年后的儿童行为问题均有影响,行为问题自身具有稳定性。

【Objective】 To explore the influencements on children's behavioral problems at the same period and two years later, and to explore the stability of behavioral problems, in order to provide effective rearing patterns to reduce behavioral problems. 【Methods】 Two children temperament questionnaires(TTS, BSQ) developed by Carey were administered to 2~3 year-old children taken at random in 5 districts of Beijing countryside whose development screening was normal, and the Child-rearing Practice was investigated to test the rearing pattern, Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL 2~3,4~16) were used to test the behavioral problems. 【Results】 1)Temperament was the most important risk factor to children's behavior problems, especially on internalizing behavior problems; parents' rearing pattern was another risk factor; the situation of pregnant of mothers could effect on externalizing behavior problems; 2)The rhythmicity of children's temperament and rejection of parents' rearing pattern could predict children's behavioral problems after two years; 3)There was significant stability in externalizing behaviors, but less stability in internalizing behaviors. 【Conclusions】 children's temperament and parents' rearing pattern can impact on children's behavioral problems at the same period and two years later, there were stability on children's behavioral problem.