【目的】 了解调查人群活产儿出生体重情况及影响因素,为制定干预措施提供依据。 【方法】 采用横断面调查,在西城区7个街道调查2 977名已分娩妇女的新生儿出生体重及父母双方危险因素的接触情况,通过单因素分析和Logistic回归分析进行统计处理,探讨影响出生体重的危险因素。 【结果】 活产儿平均出生体重为3 383.6 g,低出生体重儿发生率为1.9%,巨大儿发生率为7.4%。经单因素χ²检验,母亲有早产史、此新生儿为早产、孕期有先兆流产是低出生体重的危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。母亲孕前贫血、孕期有糖尿病、孕期精神不愉快者巨大儿的发生率升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,早产儿(OR=37.457)低出生体重发生率较高;孕期心情愉快(OR=0.737)者巨大儿发生率低,而孕期有糖尿病(OR=2.940)及父亲孕前吸烟(OR=1.407)巨大儿发生率高。 【结论】 调查人群低出生体重儿发生率较低,巨大儿发生率与全国水平相似,低出生体重儿及巨大儿的发生受多因素影响,应采取综合干预措施。

【Objective】 To investigate the birth weights of live births in surveyed population, and to analyze the risk factors on the occurrence of low birth weight and macrosomia so as to provide effective interventional strategy. 【Method】 A cross sectional survey of 2 977 women was conducted on their babies' birth weights and the parents' risk factors exposed before and during the pregnancy. 【Results】 The average birth weight was 3 383.6 g. The incidence of low birth weight was 1.9%, and the incidence of the macrosomia was 7.4%. By the chi-square test, the mother with the history of preterm delivery, the preterm baby and the mother with the symptoms of threatened abortion were the risk factors of low birth weight. The mother suffered the anemia before the pregnancy or the diabetes during the pregnancy and the women with unhappy emotion during the pregnancy were the risk factors of macrosomia(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the preterm infants(OR=37.457)was associated with low birth weight. Odds ratio for the mother with happy emotion was 0.737 for macrosomia. Odds ratios for the mothers suffered diabetes during pregnancy and the fathers smoking before pregnancy were 2.940 and 1.407 for macrosomia. 【Conclusions】 The incidence of low birth weight is low, and the incidence of macrosomia is similar with the national level. They are affected by multi-factors and the preventions should be done in all aspects.