【目的】 了解城市婴幼儿家长在喂养动机、喂养环境、营养知识、喂养实践等方面的需求和存在的问题,以有针对性地指导家长合理喂养。 【方法】 通过自填式调查问卷对全国15个城市(区)的0~18个月婴幼儿家长进行调查,内容包括家长的营养与喂养现状及需求。 【结果】 0~6月龄儿童中纯母乳喂养率仅为31%,43%已添加辅食。6月龄时一半儿童已断母乳,12月龄时均已断母乳。儿童添加的第一种辅食以米粉和蛋黄为主。适龄儿童进食蛋类较多,肉类较少。家长常给儿童吃的营养补充剂以鱼肝油和钙制剂为主。家长对儿童的进食较有耐心,且会关注对进食行为的培养和训练。家长喜欢的育儿宣教方式是“面对面咨询指导”、“书报杂志”和“讲座”。除“儿童营养需求”和“常见病防治”外,家长需要的育儿宣教内容随儿童的不同月龄有所不同。 【结论】 城市婴幼儿家长在儿童营养与喂养方面有需要改进的方面,家长对正确科学的营养与喂养知识有所需求,应根据家长的需求进行针对性的指导。

【Objective】 To know about the status and demands of infants' parents for children's nutrition and feeding, in order to give more targeted guidance. 【Method】 The parents of children aged from 0 to 18 months in 15 cities were investigated with a self-reported questionnaire about the status and demands for children's nutrition and feeding. 【Results】 In children aged up to 6 months, the rate of pure breastfeeding was 31% and 43% had introduced solid food. Half of the children aged 6 months broke breast milk and all of the children aged 12 months did so. The first food that introduced was mainly rice flour or yolk. The children had a lot of eggs and only a few of meats. The nutritional supplements that parents fed were mainly cod-liver oil and calcium preparations. Parents were patient with feeding and paid much attention to the training of eating behavior. Parents liked to be guided by face-to-face interview, magazines and lectures. The courses that parents desired varied in accordance with children's ages except for "children's nutritional requirements" and "prevention and control of common diseases". 【Conclusions】 The infants' parents in urban areas are in need of improvement as to nutrition and feeding knowledge, and it is necessary to give targeted guidance.