【目的】 了解学龄儿童生长发育迟缓现状及其相关影响因素。 【方法】 在广西、海南两地农村地区,对3个乡15个学校的1 031名9~12岁儿童生长发育进行现况调查,调查内容包括:填写问卷、病原学检测、体格测量以及实验室检测等。问卷涉及儿童、家长及家庭经济状况等信息。病原学粪便检测采用Kato-Katz涂片法一送三检查三种主要土源性线虫 (钩虫、蛔虫和鞭虫) 虫卵并感染度分级为轻、中、重度感染。测量儿童身高体重并采用WHO标准计算年龄别身高(Height-for-age, HA)的Z评分值,作为评定儿童生长发育迟缓的指标。检测血红蛋白评价儿童是否贫血。使用EpiData3.0软件建立数据库,SPSS16.0软件进行统计分析。 【结果】 儿童生长发育迟缓(HAZ<2)264人,占25.6%。生长发育迟缓的危险因素:1)中重度土源性线虫感染(OR=1.927,95%CI:1.194~3.110);2)贫血(OR=3.26,95%CI:2.02~5.27),母亲的文化程度(OR=2.13,95%CI:1.39~3.25)。土源性线虫感染378例,感染率为36.7%;中、重度感染173例,感染率为16.8%。单纯蛔虫、钩虫和鞭虫感染的感染率为11.2%(115/1 031)、11.5%(119/1 031)和4.9%(51/1 031),混合感染的感染率为9.1%(93/1 031)。贫血(Hb<120 g/L)135人,患病率为13.1%。 【结论】 生长发育迟缓在研究地区患病率高,且土源性线虫感染,尤其是中重度感染是生长发育迟缓的重要危险因素。

【Objective】 To understand stunting status and explore the influence factor of stunting. 【Methods】 A cross-sectional method to examine 1 031 pupils aged 9 to 12 years. These pupils came from 15 schools in Guangxi Autonomous Regional and Hainan Province rural areas in China. Study contects included questionnaires survey; physical examination, based on the new WHO Child Growth Standards(WHO Anthroplus, 2007); haemoglobin detection; stool samples were examined by Kato-Katz technique to choose soil-transmitted helminthes (Hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura) infections. EpiData3.0 was used to establish a database. Statistical analyses of the data were performed using statistical package for Social Sciences for Windows SPSS(version 16.0). 【Results】 The overall prevalence of stunting (HAZ<2SD) was 25.6% (264/1 031). Risk factors for stunting that based on logistic regression analyses were: 1) Soil-transmitted helminthes moderate-to-heavy intensity infections(OR=1.927,95%CI:1.194~3.110); 2)anaemia(OR=3.26,95%CI: 2.018~5.268); 3)education level of mother(OR=2.125,95%CI:1.388~3.254).The overall prevalence of STH infections was 36.7% (378/1 031),moderate-to-heavy intensity STH infections was 16.8%(173/1 031). Ascariasis, hookworm trichuriasis and co-infection were 11.2%(115/1 031),11.5%(119/1 031),4.9%(51/1 031), and 9.1%(93/1 031) respectively. The anaemia (Hb<120 g/L) was 13.1%. 【Conclusions】 The present study shows that stunting is highly prevalence among study population and STH infections is one of the important risk factors for stunting, especially moderate-to-heavy intensity infections is the main predictors of stunting.