【目的】 研究高智商(IQ>135)与低智商(IQ<90)学生体内n-6与n-3脂肪酸水平差异,以及补充n-3类多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFAs)对IQ＜90的学生体内脂肪酸组成的影响作用。 【方法】 整群抽取浙江余姚中等水平乡镇的2所普通小学,通过智力测定筛选出IQ＜90以及＞135的学生两组,采集静脉血分析其脂肪酸组成。采用随机对照研究方法,将IQ＜90的学生进行随机分组,分别给予为期3个月的干预食物(富含n-3 PUFAs)与对照食物,对干预前后的血脂肪酸水平数据进行比较。 【结果】 智商高低学生体内脂肪酸水平存在明显差异:IQ＞135的学生其体内花生四稀酸(arachidonic acid, AA)、二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoic acid,EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid, DHA)以及n-3 PUFAs水平明显高于IQ＜90的学生(P<0.001或＜0.05);而亚油酸(linoleic acid, LA )水平以及n-6/n-3 PUFAs比例明显低于IQ＜90的学生(P＜0.05或＜0.01)。同时,在对IQ＜90的学生补充富含n-3 PUFAs的食物后,其体内脂肪酸组成也发生显著变化,表现为:α-亚麻酸(α-linolenic acid,ALA)、EPA、DHA以及n-3 PUFAs水平显著提高(P<0.05或<0.001),而n-6/n-3 PUFAs比例明显下降(P<0.001)。 【结论】 智商高的学生体内AA及DHA水平较高而n-6/n-3 PUFAs比例较低。同时,对智商低的学生补充n-3 PUFAs可以改变其体内的脂肪酸组成,使其更为接近高智商学生体内的脂肪酸组成。
Abstract
【Objective】 To investigate the differences of fatty acid(FA) composition between children with high(>135) and low(<90) intelligence quotient(IQ) and the influence of dietary supply of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs) on children with low IQ(<90) in Yuyao. 【Methods】 In two common primary schools of Yuyao, students from Grade two to Grade five were selected to two groups(IQ >135 and IQ<90) by intelligence test(Combined Raven Test, CRT). Their blood were collected and the FA composition was analyzed by capillary gas chromatography. In the IQ<90 group, students were randomly assigned to receive either control food or food supplemented with n-3 PUFAs according to the randomized controlled trial(RCT) rules. Data of fatty acid composition were collected before and after the dietary supplementation. 【Results】 There were significant differences of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids(LC-PUFAs) composition in these students with high and low intelligence quotient. Among students with high IQ, arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA), docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) and n-3 PUFAs levels were higher(P<0.001 or <0.05) than students with low IQ, while linoleic acid(LA) and the n-6/n-3 ratio was lower(P＜0.05 or ＜0.01) than students with low IQ. In the IQ<90 group, α-linolenic acid(ALA), EPA, DHA and n-3 PUFAs level were significantly increased(P<0.05 or <0.001) and the n-6/n-3 ratio was decreased(P<0.001) after the n-3 PUFAs supplementation. 【Conclusions】 The students with high IQ had higher AA and DHA level and lower n-6/n-3 ratio. And the supplementation of n-3 PUFAs could improve their FA level in students with IQ<90, making it close to those IQ>135. We hope more studies will concentrate on the functional outcomes after the FA improvement in those IQ<90.
关键词
长链多不饱和脂肪酸 /
随机对照研究 /
学龄儿童 /
智商
Key words
long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids /
randomized controlled trial /
school children /
intelligence quotient
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