【目的】 观察低脂饮食对幼年大鼠认知及情绪活动的影响。 【方法】 生后两周大鼠,连续四周低脂饮食喂养幼鼠,采用Morris水迷宫,高架十字迷宫和强迫游泳实验观察大鼠学习记忆,焦虑及抑郁症状。 【结果】 低脂饮食大鼠Morris水迷宫实验四个象限的平均逃避潜伏期分别为(79.8±8.4) s,(80.1±7.7) s,(64.2±6.2) s,(59.8±6.0) s,与正常饮食组大鼠[(54.2±6.7) s,(55.6±5.8) s,(42.6±6.8) s,(41.7±5.8) s]相比均有显著增加(P<0.01),低脂饮食大鼠穿越站台次数为1.7±0.5,比正常饮食大鼠(3.2±0.8)显著减少(P<0.05);强迫游泳实验中低脂饮食大鼠漂浮潜伏期为(133.8±9.4) s,显著少于正常饮食大鼠[(172.8±10.2) s,P<0.05],而漂浮时间为(418.2±13.8) s,明显较正常饮食组[(304.5±12.4) s,P<0.05]延长。 【结论】 低脂饮食降低了未成年大鼠的学习记忆能力,并且引发了一定程度的抑郁症状。

【Objective】 To observe the effects of low-fat diet on cognitive and emotional activities in juvenile rats. 【Method】 Low-fat diet was performed on SD rats, 14 days. continuously 4 weeks, Morris water maze, Elevated plus maze and Forced swim test were used to examined the capability of cognition, anxiety and depression. 【Results】 In low-fat diet group, the mean escape latency periods of four quadrants in Morris water maze test were (79.8±8.4) s, (80.1±7.7) s, (64.2±6.2) s, (59.8±6.0) s, respectively, which were longer obviously compared with the normal-fat diet rats (54.2±6.7) s, (55.6±5.8) s, (42.6±6.8) s, (41.7±5.8) s, (P<0.01); the rats with low-fat diet showed decreasing event on times crossing the target (1.7±0.5) than the normal-fat diet rats (3.2±0.8, P<0.01); In Force swim text, the latencies period of floating of low-fat diet rats(133.8±9.4) s, was shorter than that of normal-diet rats [(172.8±10.2) s,P<0.05)], and the duration of floating (418.2±13.8 s) was different apparently compared with the normal-diet rats(P<0.05) while normal-diet rats was (304.5±12.4)s. 【Conclusion】 Low-fat diet diminishes the capability of learning and memory of juvenile rats, and it may induce a certain depression symptom.