【目的】 探讨影响温州市流动儿童国家免疫规划(national immunization program, NIP)疫苗预防接种的因素,为制订有效的干预措施提供依据。 【方法】 采用分阶段整群随机抽样方法,调查温州市3个县(市、区)的15个乡(镇、街道)1 543名流动儿童和监护人的人口学特征,NIP疫苗预防接种,监护人预防接种知识、态度、预防接种服务及利用情况,分析影响流动儿童NIP疫苗接种率的因素。 【结果】 1 198名居住时间≥3个月的1岁以上流动儿童卡介苗(BCG)、口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗(OPV)、百日咳-白喉-破伤风联合疫苗(DTP)、麻疹减毒活疫苗(MV)、乙型肝炎疫苗(HepB)5种NIP疫苗的基础免疫(初种)接种率分别为86.8%、84.9%、81.5%、82.1%、80.5%,五苗覆盖率为66.4%,OPV、MV 、DTP加强免疫(复种)接种率分别为38.1%、33.3%、36.0%。非条件Logistic多因素分析结果表明:流动儿童居住时间、接生地点、家庭经济状况、付费意愿、持预防接种证情况为影响五苗覆盖率的主要因素。 【结论】 流动儿童疫苗接种率水平较低,影响因素诸多,应采取针对性的干预措施改善其免疫状况。

【Objective】 The investigation was carried out to better understand the factors influencing the coverage of national immunization program (NIP) vaccines in migrant children in Wenzhou, and to improve the immunization coverage of these vaccines. 【Method】 Population characteristics of 1 198 migrant children and their guardians, immunization situation of NIP vaccines, knowledge of the guardians on and their attitude towards preventive immunization, effectiveness of preventive immunization, were investigated in 15 towns from 3 counties in Wenzhou by using randomized sampling method. 【Results】 In the migrant children over one year old, who stayed in Wenzhou equal or more than 3 months, the coverage rates of BCG, OPV, DTP, MV, and HepB, were 86.8%, 84.9%, 81.5%, 82.1%, and 80.35%, respectively. Notably, the coverage rate of these five vaccines was only 66.4%. Multi-factors analysis revealed that the low coverage rate of five vaccines was mainly influenced by the staying time and birth place of migrant children, their family economy, having immunization card, cost of preventive immunization, their guardians' attitude towards to preventive immunization. 【Conclusion】 Vaccination rate was low in migrant children, many factors were influence it, and it should be taken targeted intervention to imporve immune status.