【目的】 调查山西省某艾滋病比较集中的地区,探讨该区受艾滋病影响儿童心理弹性的保护性因素。 【方法】 采用儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表和儿童抑郁障碍自评量表,将受艾滋病影响儿童筛分为心理弹性组与非弹性组;再采用半结构访谈的方法,对弹性组的儿童进行调查。 【结果】 受艾滋病影响儿童心理弹性的保护性因素可划分为四个因素。家庭因素包括父母的关心和支持、民主的教育方式、父母的榜样力量;学校包括老师的关心、同伴的支持;认知包括对父母的评价、相信自己、对未来的期望;行为包括倾诉、寻求帮助、感恩与回报。 【结论】 在对受艾滋病影响儿童进行心理干预时,应综合考虑家庭、学校、认知、行为等因素,促进其心理弹性的发展,增进其心理健康。
Abstract
【Objective】 To explore the protective factors of resilience among children in acquired immune deficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS)-Affected families in Shanxi. 【Methods】 Children in HIV/AIDS families were allocated into resilience group and non-resilience group by The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders and Depression Self-rating Scale for Children. Then semi-structured interviews were conducted among the resilience group. 【Results】 The protective factors of resilience among children include four factors. The factor of family consists of care of parents, democratic family education and a good example of parents. Care of teachers and support of peers were included in the factor of school. Estimate of parents, belief in themselves and expectation for the future were organized into the factors of cognition. Pouring out, searching for help and thanksgiving were packed in the factors of behaviors. 【Conclusion】 Family, school, cognition and behavior should be considered comprehensively in the psychological intervention for the children in HIV/AIDS family to make them more resilient and more healthy.
关键词
艾滋病 /
儿童 /
心理弹性 /
保护因素 /
质性访谈
Key words
acquired immune deficiency syndrome /
children /
resilience /
protective factors /
review
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参考文献
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基金
教育部人文社科项目资助(2009YJAXLX019)
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