环境暴露视角下儿童青少年健康发展的风险识别与支持性环境构建

张岚; 董彦会

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2026-0673

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中国儿童保健杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7) : 704-711. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2026-0673

专家笔谈

环境暴露视角下儿童青少年健康发展的风险识别与支持性环境构建

张岚, 董彦会

作者信息 +

Risk identification and supportive environment construction forpromoting child and adolescent health development from an environmental exposure perspective

ZHANG Lan, DONG Yanhui

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

儿童青少年处于生长发育、器官功能成熟及行为习惯形成的关键阶段,对外界环境变化高度敏感。近年来,学界共识已从关注单一环境风险因素,转向认识到多重暴露交互作用对健康影响的复杂性。空气污染、环境内分泌干扰物、夜间人工光、建成环境及绿地暴露等社会与自然环境因素,成为研究热点。研究提示,空气污染物不仅与肺功能下降、血压升高有关,还可能增加肥胖及代谢综合征等早期慢病风险;内分泌干扰物可通过干扰神经内分泌轴影响青春发动时相;夜间人工光经睡眠与昼夜节律紊乱加剧肥胖风险;而绿地和友好建成环境则通过降低污染、促进活动、缓解心理压力发挥保护作用。因此,儿童环境健康促进应从单一危险因素控制转向多重暴露综合治理,将儿童健康影响评价纳入城市规划、学校建设、家庭养育和公共卫生政策全过程,构建安全、绿色、低污染、促活动和支持性的成长环境。

Abstract

Children and adolescents represent a uniquely vulnerable population because this life stage is characterized by rapid somatic growth, maturation of organ systems, and the establishment of behavioral patterns. Consequently, their health may be particularly susceptible to changes in the external environment. In recent years, the field has moved beyond the assessment of isolated environmental hazards toward a broader recognition that health effects are shaped by complex interactions across multiple exposures. Increasing attention has therefore been directed to both social and natural environmental determinants, including air pollution, environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals, artificial light at night, the built environment, and residential greenness. Accumulating evidence suggests that air pollutants are associated not only with impaired lung function and elevated blood pressure, but also with early-life risks of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals may alter pubertal timing through interference with neuroendocrine pathways. Artificial light at night may further increase obesity risk by disrupting sleep and circadian regulation. In contrast, exposure to green space and supportive built environments may confer health benefits by reducing pollution exposure, promoting physical activity, and alleviating psychological stress. Accordingly, the promotion of environmental health in children should shift from the control of single risk factors to an integrated strategy targeting multiple exposures. Health impact assessments for children should be embedded across urban planning, school construction, family-based care, and public health policy. Such efforts are needed to create safe, green, low-pollution, activity-promoting, and socially supportive environments for healthy growth and development.

导出引用

张岚, 董彦会. 环境暴露视角下儿童青少年健康发展的风险识别与支持性环境构建[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志. 2026, 34(7): 704-711 https://doi.org/10.11852/zgetbjzz2026-0673

ZHANG Lan, DONG Yanhui. Risk identification and supportive environment construction forpromoting child and adolescent health development from an environmental exposure perspective[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care. 2026, 34(7): 704-711 https://doi.org/10.11852/zgetbjzz2026-0673

中图分类号： R179

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