孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)是一类起病于儿童发育早期的神经发育性障碍,早期开展自然发展行为干预(NDBI)、强化社交刺激,可重塑脑功能与行为发展轨迹,降低症状严重程度。其中,家庭参与式疗育是3岁以下ASD儿童的最优干预方案。当前,我国ASD干预服务虽发展迅速,但仍存在“重机构、轻家庭”、“重机械训练、轻生活功能”等短板,导致多数家庭面临养育困境,因此,构建科学规范的家庭养育照护体系尤为关键。遵循通用的养育照护框架,围绕良好健康、充足营养、安全与保障、早期学习机会、回应性照护五大核心要素,结合ASD儿童因社交偏好缺乏、感知觉异常导致的认知行为发展特殊性,提出结合ASD特质细化养育策略、融入日常场景,并需建立“医-家-园/校”联动支持系统,完善政策与服务供给,为家庭疗育提供保障,助力ASD儿童健康成长。

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with an onset in early childhood. Early implementation of naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions (NDBI) and enhanced social stimulation can reshape brain function and behavioral development trajectories, thereby reducing symptom severity. Among them, parent-mediated intervention is the optimal program for children with ASD under 3 years old. Although ASD intervention services in China have developed rapidly, practical shortcomings remain, such as an overreliance on institutional training and an underemphasis on family involvement, as well as a focus on mechanical skills training rather than daily living functions. Most families face parenting challenge, so it is crucial to construct a scientific and standardized nurturing care system. Based on the global Nurturing Care Framework proposed by the WHO and UNICEF, which encompasses good health, adequate nutrition, safety and security, early learning opportunities, and responsive caregiving, this paper explores parenting strategies tailored to the cognitive and behavioral particularities of children with ASD, which are often driven by a lack of social preference and sensory abnormalities. This paper advocates for integrating refined nurturing strategies into daily scenarios and highlights the necessity of establishing a collaborative medical-family-school support system. Improving related policies and service provision will empower family-based care and facilitate the healthy development of children with ASD.