儿童生长标准的应用现状和研究进展

张震宇; 张婷; 李紫云; 张莉; 刘慧娟; 李燕

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2025-1385

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中国儿童保健杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (10) : 1158-1163. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2025-1385

综述

儿童生长标准的应用现状和研究进展

张震宇¹, 张婷², 李紫云², 张莉², 刘慧娟², 李燕²

作者信息 +

Application and research progress of child growth standards

ZHANG Zhenyu¹, ZHANG Ting², LI Ziyun², ZHANG Li², LIU Huijuan², LI Yan²

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

儿童生长发育状况是反映个体健康与群体营养水平的核心指标,而生长标准是将测量数据转化为临床决策的关键依据。目前,生长标准主要分为描述特定人群现状的参考性标准和界定理想健康状态的规定性标准,构建方法也历经了从简单正态分布假设到LMS法及GAMLSS模型的统计学演变。尽管WHO、INTERGROWTH-21st及Fenton等国际标准在全球被广泛采纳,但由于种族遗传、地理环境及社会经济水平的差异,单一标准的应用仍存在适用性争议与误判风险。此外,我国最新的《7岁以下儿童生长标准》虽已实施,但区域间生长水平的不均衡仍对精准评估提出挑战。因此,本文从生长标准的分类、统计学方法演变、国际主流标准特点及国内标准的发展现状等方面进行综述,旨在为临床医生在复杂情境下选择适宜的评价工具以及未来构建更精准的个性化生长模型提供理论依据。

Abstract

Child growth and development are core indicators of individual health and population nutritional status, and growth standards serve as the key basis for translating anthropometric measurements into clinical decision. Currently, growth standards can be broadly classified into reference standards, which describe the growth status of specific populations, and prescriptive standards, which define ideal health conditions. Their construction methods have also undergone a statistical evolution from simple normal distribution assumptions to the LMS method and the generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS). Although international standards such as those developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), INTERGROWTH-21st, and Fenton have been widely adopted worldwide, the application of a single standard remains controversial and may carry a risk of misclassification because of differences in racial genetics,geographic environment, and socioeconomic conditions. In China, although the latest Growth Standards for Children Under 7 Years of Age has been implemented, regional disparities in growth levels continue to pose challenges to accurate assessment. Therefore, this paper reviews the classification of growth standards, the evolution of statistical methodologies, the characteristics of major international standards, and the current development of domestic standards in China, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for clinicians to select appropriate assessment tools in complex settings and for the future development of more precise and individualized growth models.

导出引用

张震宇, 张婷, 李紫云, 张莉, 刘慧娟, 李燕. 儿童生长标准的应用现状和研究进展[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志. 2026, 34(10): 1158-1163 https://doi.org/10.11852/zgetbjzz2025-1385

ZHANG Zhenyu, ZHANG Ting, LI Ziyun, ZHANG Li, LIU Huijuan, LI Yan. Application and research progress of child growth standards[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care. 2026, 34(10): 1158-1163 https://doi.org/10.11852/zgetbjzz2025-1385

中图分类号： R179

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