目的 分析青岛市城区7~12岁儿童不健康生活方式的流行现状及其影响因素,为早期干预提供参考依据。方法 2023年9—11月采用随机整群抽样在青岛市城区抽取5所小学学生进行问卷调查,收集人口学特征及生活方式信息。依据既往文献与指南界定4类不健康生活方式:屏幕暴露过度、运动不足、睡眠不足和饮食不健康,描述不同水平的不健康生活方式的比例,比较不健康生活方式在不同人口特征中的分布差异,采用logistic回归分析影响不健康生活方式的因素。结果 共纳入有效问卷2 232份。青岛市城区7~12岁儿童中,57.2%存在2种及以上不健康生活方式。logistic回归分析显示,年龄较大与屏幕暴露过度相关(OR=1.194,95%CI:1.027~1.389);家庭收入低(OR=1.578,95%CI:1.007~2.475)和父亲学历为大学(OR=1.315,95%CI:1.012~1.710)与运动不足相关,独生子女与运动不足风险较低相关(OR=0.161,95%CI:0.132~0.196);年龄较大(OR=1.090,95%CI:1.022~1.163)和母亲学历为大学(OR=1.568,95%CI:1.174~2.094)与睡眠不足相关;年龄较大(OR=1.081,95%CI:1.014~1.153)和家庭收入低(OR=1.906,95%CI:1.144~3.173)与饮食不健康相关,女生发生饮食不健康的可能性较低(OR=0.716,95%CI:0.586~0.876);年龄较大(OR=1.171,95%CI:1.072~1.279)和家庭收入低(OR=2.622,95%CI:1.321~5.206)与多种不健康生活方式共存相关,女生(OR=0.678,95%CI:0.513~0.898)和独生子女(OR=0.295,95%CI:0.213~0.409)发生多种不健康生活方式共存的可能性较低。结论 青岛市城区7~12岁儿童不健康生活方式普遍存在,并与年龄、性别、独生子女及家庭社会经济因素相关。应针对高风险人群开展以减少久坐和屏幕暴露、促进规律运动与充足睡眠、改善饮食结构为核心的综合干预。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles among urban children aged 7 - 12 years in Qingdao, and to identify associated demographic factors, so as to provide evidence for early intervention. Methods From September to November 2023, a cluster random sampling survey was conducted in five primary schools in urban Qingdao. Demographic characteristics and lifestyle-related behaviors were collected using questionnaires. Four unhealthy lifestyle domains were defined based on published evidence and guidelines: excessive screen exposure, insufficient physical activity, insufficient sleep, and unhealthy diet. Differences across demographic subgroups were compared, and logistic regression analysis was performed to explore associated factors. Results A total of 2 232 valid questionnaires were included. Overall, 57.2% of children had two or more unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. Logistic regression analyses showed that older age was associated with excessive screen exposure (OR=1.194, 95%CI: 1.027 - 1.389). Low family income (OR=1.578,95%CI: 1.007 - 2.475) and fathers with a college education (OR=1.315, 95%CI: 1.012 - 1.710) were associated with insufficient physical activity, whereas being an only child was associated with lower odds of insufficient physical activity (OR=0.161, 95%CI: 0.132 - 0.196). Older age (OR=1.090, 95%CI:1.022 - 1.163) and mothers with a college education (OR=1.568, 95%CI: 1.174 - 2.094) were associated with insufficient sleep. Older age (OR=1.081, 95%CI: 1.014 - 1.153) and low family income (OR=1.906, 95%CI: 1.144 - 3.173) were associated with unhealthy diet, while girls had lower odds of an unhealthy diet (OR=0.716, 95%CI: 0.586 - 0.876). Older age (OR=1.171, 95%CI: 1.072 - 1.279) and low family income (OR=2.622, 95%CI:1.321 - 5.206) were also associated with the coexistence of multiple unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, whereas girls (OR=0.678, 95%CI: 0.513 - 0.898) and only children (OR=0.295, 95%CI: 0.213 - 0.409) had lower risks of such coexisting behaviors. Conclusions Unhealthy lifestyles are prevalent among urban children aged 7 - 12 years in Qingdao, and are associated with age, sex, only-child status, and family socioeconomic factors. Comprehensive interventions targeting high-risk populations should be implemented, with a core focus on reducing sedentary screen time, promoting regular physical activity and adequate sleep, and improving dietary patterns.
关键词
生活方式 /
屏幕暴露 /
运动 /
饮食 /
睡眠 /
社会环境
Key words
lifestyle /
screen exposure /
physical activity /
diet /
sleep /
social environment
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基金
山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2022MH030);山东省儿童青少年生长发育与健康管理专项课题(JKZX2023002)
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