目的 探究父亲缺位家庭学龄前儿童多动行为的异质性,并分析“父亲陪伴时间→家庭氛围→焦虑→多动指数”这一链式中介路径在不同行为亚型中的差异,为制定针对性干预策略提供依据。方法 采用横断面调查设计,于2025年1—9月选取1 514名3~6岁父亲缺位家庭儿童,采用Conners父母症状问卷评估行为问题,以多动指数>1.5界定筛查阳性;采用潜在剖面分析识别亚型,并运用多组结构方程模型检验该链式中介的剖面特异性。结果 多动指数阳性率为14.5%(219/1 514)。潜在剖面分析识别出5类行为亚型:高冲动-多动主导型(14.6%)、品行问题-学习困难型(14.6%)、广泛问题-心身症状型(32.4%)、焦虑-学习问题型(13.3%)和典型多动-低焦虑型(25.1%)。虽然该链式中介路径在整体样本中不显著(β=0.004,P=0.193),但多组分析显示路径存在剖面差异:在“广泛问题-心身症状型”中焦虑对多动指数预测显著(β=0.280,P<0.001),而在“焦虑-学习问题型”中家庭氛围对多动指数预测显著(β=0.084,P=0.013)。模型稳定性良好。结论 绝大多数父亲缺位家庭学龄前儿童行为发展良好,在筛查阳性儿童中多动行为存在异质性。尽管“父亲陪伴→家庭氛围→焦虑→多动指数”的链式中介路径在整体样本中不显著,但其具体影响路径因行为亚型而异,需开展亚型特异性干预。
Abstract
Objective To identify latent subtypes of hyperactivity-related behaviors among preschool children from father-absent families, and to analyze the differences in the chain mediation pathway of "father companionship time → family atmosphere → anxiety → hyperactivity index" across behavioral subtypes, so as to provide evidence for developing targeted intervention strategies. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to September 2025, involving 1 514 children aged 3 - 6 years from father-absent families. Hyperactivity-related behaviors were assessed using the Chinese version of the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire, and a hyperactivity index >1.5 was used to define screening positivity. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed among hyperactivity-positive children based on Conners factor scores to identify behavioral subtypes, and multi-group structural equation modeling was applied to examine the profile-specific chain mediation effects. Results The positivity rate of the hyperactivity index was 14.5%. Five behavioral subtypes were identified among hyperactivity-positive children: high impulsivity-hyperactivity dominant (14.6%), conduct problems-learning difficulties (14.6%), widespread problems-psychosomatic symptoms (32.4%), Anxiety-learning problems (13.3%), and typical hyperactivity-low anxiety (25.1%). The overall chain-mediated effect was not significant (β=0.004, P=0.193). However, multi-group analysis suggested subtype-specific differences: anxiety significantly predicted the hyperactivity index in the widespread problems-psychosomatic symptoms subtype (β=0.280, P<0.001), whereas family atmosphere significantly predicted the hyperactivity index in the anxiety-learning problems subtype (β=0.084, P=0.013). The model demonstrated good stability. Conclusions The vast majority of preschool children from father-absent families develop well behaviorally.Among those screening positive, hyperactive behaviors exhibit significant heterogeneity. Although the chain-mediated pathway of father involvement-family climate-anxiety-hyperactivity index is not significant in the overall sample, the specific pathways varies across behavioral subtypes, highlighting the need for subtype-specific interventions.
关键词
父亲缺位 /
学龄前儿童 /
多动行为 /
潜在剖面分析 /
链式中介效应 /
注意缺陷多动障碍
Key words
father absence /
preschool children /
hyperactive behaviors /
latent profile analysis /
chain mediation effect /
attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] Hall AM, Ramos AM, Drover SS, et al. Gestational organophosphate ester exposure and preschool attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the Norwegian mother, father, and child cohort study[J]. Int J Hyg Environ Health, 2023, 248:114078.
[2] Hoy BA, Steinberg MC, Fenesi B. Perspectives on physical activity and learning from children with and without ADHD[J]. Sports, 2025, 13(8):240.
[3] Roberts BA, Martel MM, Nigg JT. Are there executive dysfunction subtypes within ADHD[J]. J Atten Disord, 2017, 21(4):284-293.
[4] Hirsch O, Chavanon ML, Christiansen H. Emotional dysregulation subgroups in patients with adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A cluster analytic approach[J]. Sci Rep, 2019, 9(1):5639.
[5] Wang Y, Zhou K, Wang Y, et al. Examining the association of family environment and children emotional/behavioral difficulties in the relationship between parental anxiety and internet addiction in youth[J]. Front Psychiatry, 2024, 15:1341556.
[6] 范娟,杜亚松,王立伟.Conners父母用症状问卷的中国城市常模和信度研究[J].上海精神医学,2005,17(6): 321-323.
Fan J, Du YS, Wang LW. The norm and reliability of the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire in Chinese urban children[J]. Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry, 2005, 17(6): 321-323. (in Chinese)
[7] 丁肖媛, 张玥, 张丽珊, 等.学龄前期儿童多动行为与过敏性疾病共病的横断面调查[J].临床儿科杂志, 2023, 41(3): 215-218.
Ding XY, Zhang Y, Zhang LS, et al.A cross-sectional study of hyperactive behavior comorbidity allergic diseases in pre-school children[J].J Clin Pediatr, 2023, 41(3): 215-218.(in Chinese)
[8] 高建慧, 邓成, 顾莉萍, 等.中山市3～6岁学龄前儿童多动行为筛查及影响因素分析[J].中国儿童保健杂志, 2012, 20(4):360-363.
Gao JH, Deng C, Gu LP, et al.Research on the screen and influencial factors of hyperactivity in preschool children of Zhongshan city[J].Chin J Child Health Care, 2012, 20(4): 360-363.(in Chinese)
[9] 张晓雨, 郭光萍, 安艳婷, 等.云南省3~6岁儿童多动行为及其与神经心理发育的关系[J].中国学校卫生, 2024, 45(8): 1106-1110.
Zhang XY, Guo GP, An YT, et al.Occurrence of hyperactivity behavior and its relationship with neuropsychological development in children aged 3-6 in Yunnan Province[J].Chin J Sch Health, 2024, 45(8): 1106-1110.(in Chinese)
[10] Salmerón ADM, Fernández-Martín P, Rodríguez-Herrera R, et al. Urinary metabolic biomarkers of attentional control in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A dimensional approach through 1H NMR-based metabolomics[J]. NMR Biomed, 2025, 38(8):e70088.
[11] Ritgens C, Bondü R, Warschburger P. Links between self-regulation patterns and prosocial behavior trajectories from middle childhood to early adolescence: A longitudinal study[J]. Front Psychol, 2024, 15:1480046.
[12] Esposito-Smythers C, Wolff J, Lemmon KM, et al. Military youth and the deployment cycle: Emotional health consequences and recommendations for intervention[J]. J Fam Psychol, 2011, 25(4):497-507.
[13] Pongutta S, Vithayarungruangsri J. Subjective well-being of thai pre-teen children: Individual, family, and school determinants[J]. Heliyon, 2023, 9(5):e15927.
[14] Yang X, Zhang C. Children′s health and typology of family integration and regulation: A functionalist analysis[J]. Children, 2023, 10(3):494-504.
[15] Zhou J, Ning Y. Exploring motherhood dilemmas and coping strategies among mothers of children with autism: A qualitative study in mainland China[J]. Front Psychiatry, 2025, 16:1569928.
[16] Nieforth LO, Leighton SC. Animal-assisted interventions for military families: A systematic review[J]. Front Public Health, 2024, 12:1372189.
[17] Riggs DW, Worth A, Bartholomaeus C. The transition to parenthood for Australian heterosexual couples: Expectations, experiences and the partner relationship[J]. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2018, 18(1):342.
[18] 刘剑波,薛振朋,林玲,等.儿童注意缺陷多动障碍症状伴焦虑症状发生的调节中介因素研究[J].中国当代儿科杂志,2020,22(7): 768-773.
Liu JB, Xue ZP, Lin L, et al. Moderated mediation analysis for symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder with the symptoms of anxiety in children[J]. Chin J Contemp Pediatr, 2020, 22(7): 768-773. (in Chinese)
[19] Jaisle EM, Groves NB, Black KE, et al. Linking ADHD and ASD symptomatology with social impairment: The role of emotion dysregulation[J]. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol, 2023, 51(1):3-16.
[20] Han GT, Chen YL, Tsai FJ, et al. Temporal and reciprocal relations between ADHD symptoms and emotional problems in school-age children[J]. J Atten Disord, 2020, 24(7):1032-1044.
[21] Tang Y, Qiu S, Li H, et al. The clinical manifestation, executive dysfunction, and caregiver strain in subthreshold attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder[J]. Psychiatry Investig, 2023, 20(9):789-798.
[22] Qiu X, Zhu D, Fu X, et al. Longitudinal patterns of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder children in shanghai, China[J]. Sci Rep, 2025, 15(1):20305.
[23] Kong Y, Su Z, Wang R, et al. Impulsivity and social support as intervening and interactive variables in the link between childhood socioeconomic status and mental health among first-year college students[J]. Front Psychiatry, 2025, 16:1569001.
[24] Wang MJ, Chang MY, Gu CF, et al. Psychological adaptation profiles are associated with coping style, social support, and family intimacy in caregivers of children with hematologic malignancies: A cross-sectional study[J]. BMC Nurs, 2025, 24:221.
[25] Jiang Y, Bian T. The effects of physical exercise on college students′ pro-social behavior: The chain mediating role of sense of meaning in life and subjective well-being[J]. Front Psychol, 2025, 16:1604700.
基金
军委后勤保障部卫生局面上项目(21JSZ05)
PDF(1113 KB)
