基于认知、神经与遗传的汉语阅读障碍多维度机制研究

宋然然; 张娇

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2025-0902

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中国儿童保健杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9) : 939-943. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2025-0902

专家笔谈

基于认知、神经与遗传的汉语阅读障碍多维度机制研究

宋然然, 张娇

作者信息 +

Multidimensional mechanisms of Chinese dyslexia from cognitive, neurobiological, and genetic perspectives

SONG Ranran, ZHANG Jiao

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

本文回顾了汉语阅读障碍在认知功能、神经生理学及病因方面的最新进展。汉语阅读障碍的核心认知缺陷包括语音意识、语素意识、正字法及快速命名,并在左侧额下回低激活,右侧中央前回/颞中回高激活,提示存在语音处理缺陷及代偿机制。遗传学研究还发现了SEMA3F、AUTS2、EVC等新的易感基因,并探讨了环境因素及基因-环境交互作用的重要作用。未来还需要进一步的前瞻性研究阐明汉语阅读障碍普遍和特有的认知、神经生理及病因机制。

Abstract

This review summarizes recent advances in Chinese developmental dyslexia across cognitive functions, neurophysiological, and etiology.Phonological, morphological awareness, orthographic, and rapid automatized naming constitute core deficits in Chinese dyslexia.Chinese children with dyslexia exhibit reduced activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus and increased activation in the right precentral/middle temporal gyrus, suggesting impaired phonological processing and potential compensatory mechanisms.Genetic research has identified novel susceptibility genes (e.g., SEMA3F, AUTS2, EVC).Furthermore, significant roles of environmental factors and gene-environment interactions were explored.Further prospective studies are warranted to elucidate both the universal and specific cognitive functions, neurophysiological, and etiology underlying Chinese developmental dyslexia.

导出引用

宋然然, 张娇. 基于认知、神经与遗传的汉语阅读障碍多维度机制研究[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志. 2025, 33(9): 939-943 https://doi.org/10.11852/zgetbjzz2025-0902

SONG Ranran, ZHANG Jiao. Multidimensional mechanisms of Chinese dyslexia from cognitive, neurobiological, and genetic perspectives[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care. 2025, 33(9): 939-943 https://doi.org/10.11852/zgetbjzz2025-0902

中图分类号： R179

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