早期户外活动对儿童神经心理发育的影响

宣佳乐; 余晓丹

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2025-0443

PDF(622 KB)

中国儿童保健杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (8) : 931-935. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2025-0443

综述

早期户外活动对儿童神经心理发育的影响

宣佳乐, 余晓丹

作者信息 +

Advances in the effects of early outdoor activity on children's neuropsychological development

XUAN Jiale, YU Xiaodan

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

儿童早期户外活动不足已成为全球重点关注的公共健康问题。研究表明,儿童早期户外活动与神经心理发育息息相关,但目前尚缺乏对已有文献的系统综述。本文通过检索国内外相关文献,分析其对儿童神经心理发育的主要影响,结果表明,儿童早期户外活动有助于促进其运动能力、语言习得、行为调节、社交能力、自我调节能力及心理健康等多方面发展。综上,本文将为促进儿童早期户外活动提供理论依据和实践参考。

Abstract

Insufficient outdoor activity in early childhood has become a major global public health concern. Existing studies have shown that early outdoor activity is closely associated with children's neuropsychological development; however, systematic reviews in this area remain absent. This review systematically searched and analyzed relevant literature to summarize the main impacts of early outdoor activity on neuropsychological development in children. The findings indicate that early outdoor activity contributes positively to the development of motor skills, language acquisition, behavioral regulation, social competence, self-regulation, and mental health in children. In conclusion, this review will provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for promoting outdoor activity in early childhood.

导出引用

宣佳乐, 余晓丹. 早期户外活动对儿童神经心理发育的影响[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志. 2026, 34(8): 931-935 https://doi.org/10.11852/zgetbjzz2025-0443

XUAN Jiale, YU Xiaodan. Advances in the effects of early outdoor activity on children's neuropsychological development[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care. 2026, 34(8): 931-935 https://doi.org/10.11852/zgetbjzz2025-0443

中图分类号： R179

参考文献

[1] Santoso TB. The benefit of outdoor activity for child development[J]. Ann Physiother Occup Ther, 2023, 5(4):1-10.
[2] Pereira JV, Vila-Nova F, Veiga G, et al. Associations between outdoor play features and children's behavior and health: A systematic review[J]. Health Place, 2024, 87:103235.
[3] UNICEF. Early moments matter for every child.What's the most important thing children have? It's their brains[EB/OL].(2017-05)[2025-04-25]. https://www.unicef.org/reports/early-moments-matter-every-child.
[4] Craig D, Trina NA, Monsur M, et al. Effective nature-based outdoor play and learning environments for below-3 children: A literature-based summary[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2024, 21(9):1247.
[5] Theopilus Y, Al-Mahmud A, Davis H, et al. Preventive interventions for internet addiction in young children: Systematic review[J]. JMIR Ment Health, 2024, 11:e56896.
[6] Hofferth SL. Changes in American children's time-1997 to 2003[J]. Electron Int J Time Use Res, 2009, 6(1):26-47.
[7] Okely AD, Kariippanon KE, Guan HY, et al. Global effect of COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep among 3- to 5-year-old children: A longitudinal study of 14 countries[J]. BMC Public Health, 2021, 21(1):940.
[8] Boyle MH, Olsho LEW, Mendelson MR, et al. Physical activity opportunities in US early child care programs[J]. Pediatrics, 2022, 149(6):e2020048850.
[9] Huang LH, Schmid KL, Yin XN, et al. Combination effect of outdoor activity and screen exposure on risk of preschool myopia: Findings from Longhua child cohort study[J]. Front Public Health, 2021, 9:607911.
[10] 武华红,宗心南,张亚钦,等.九市学龄前儿童饮食运动睡眠状况调查及城郊差异比较[J].中国妇幼保健,2022,37(1): 99-103.
Wu HH, Zong XN, Zhang YQ, et al. Investigation on diet, exercise, and sleeping status of preschool children in nine cities and comparison of urban and suburban difference[J]. Maternal and Child Health Care of China, 2022, 37(1):99-103. (in Chinese)
[11] 石艳,程港,蒋妮,等.长沙市开福区36～54月龄儿童户外活动时间和屏幕时间与睡眠关系的出生队列研究[J].中南大学学报(医学版),2022,47(10): 1408-1417.
Shi Y, Cheng G, Jiang N, et al. Association of outdoor activity time and screen time with sleep for 36 to 54 months children in Kaifu District, Changsha: A birth cohort study[J]. J Cent South Univ (Med Sci), 2022, 47(10):1408-1417. (in Chinese)
[12] Zong BB, Li L, Cui YF, et al. Effects of outdoor activity time, screen time, and family socioeconomic status on physical health of preschool children[J]. Front Public Health, 2024, 12:1434936.
[13] 胡月,鲍筝,王荣环.婴儿运动发育影响因素和交互作用分析的巢式病例对照研究[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2024,32(5): 502-506.
Hu Y, Bao Z, Wang RH, et al. Nested case-control study on the risk factors and interaction analysis of positive screening for infant motor development[J].Chin J Child Health Care, 2024, 32(5):502-506. (in Chinese)
[14] Luukkainen NM, Laukkanen A, Niemistö D, et al.Children's outdoor time and multisport participation predict motor competence three years later[J]. J Sports Sci, 2025, 43(5):431-439.
[15] 宋应荷,王玙.语言发育迟缓儿童的相关影响因素调查及相关应对措施[J].医学理论与实践,2024,37(18): 3207-3209.
[16] 任军爽,鲍玲,王蕊,等.言语语言障碍儿童智能发育状况及影响因素分析[J].中国妇幼保健,2023,38(3):492-495.
[17] Cameron-Faulkner T, Melville J, Gattis M, et al. Responding to nature:Natural environments improve parent-child communication[J].J Environ Psychol, 2018, 59:9-15.
[18] Richardson T, Murray J. Are young children's utterances affected by characteristics of their learning environments? A multiple case study[M].//Saracho ON, ed. Research in young children's literacy and language development. London: Routledge, 2019:159-170.
[19] Bitsko RH, Claussen AH, Lichstein J, et al. Mental health surveillance among children-United States, 2013—2019[J]. MMWR, 2022, 71(Suppl 2):1-42.
[20] Kuo FE, Taylor AF. A potential natural treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Evidence from a national study[J]. Am J Public Health, 2004, 94(9):1580-1586.
[21] 陈慧婷,吴玉岚,曾飞翔,等.幼儿期视屏行为和户外活动及其交互作用与学龄前期多动行为的关联[J].中山大学学报(医学科学版),2024,45(6): 891-901.
Chen HT, Wu YL, Zeng FX, et al. The association between screen time behavior in early childhood, outdoor activities and their interaction with hyperactive behavior in preschool children[J].Journal of Sun Yat-sen University (Medical Sciences), 2024, 45(6):891-901. (in Chinese)
[22] 徐希兰.2~6岁儿童罹患孤独症谱系障碍的相关因素分析[D].青岛:青岛大学,2023.
Xu XL. Analysis of factors associated with the development of autism spectrum disorders in children 2 - 6 years of age[D]. Qingdao:Qingdao University, 2023. (in Chinese)
[23] Zachor DA, Vardi S, Baron-Eitan S, et al. The effectiveness of an outdoor adventure programme for young children with autism spectrum disorder: A controlled study[J]. Dev Med Child Neurol, 2017, 59(5):550-556.
[24] Morrier MJ, Ziegler SMT. I wanna play too: Factors related to changes in social behavior for children with and without autism spectrum disorder after implementation of a structured outdoor play curriculum[J]. J Autism Dev Disord, 2018, 48(7):2530-2541.
[25] Junge C, Valkenburg PM, Dekovic' M, et al. The building blocks of social competence: Contributions of the consortium of individual development[J]. Dev Cogn Neurosci, 2020, 45:100861.
[26] Tuerk C, Anderson V, Bernier A, et al. Social competence in early childhood: An empirical validation of the social model[J]. J Neuropsychol, 2021, 15(3):477-499.
[27] Sugiyama M, Tsuchiya KJ, Okubo Y, et al. Outdoor play as a mitigating factor in the association between screen time for young children and neurodevelopmental outcomes[J]. JAMA Pediatr, 2023, 177(3):303-310.
[28] Hinkley T, Brown H, Carson V, et al. Cross sectional associations of screen time and outdoor play with social skills in preschool children[J]. PLoS One, 2018, 13(4):e0193700.
[29] 袁紫嫣.户外自主游戏促进大班幼儿亲社会行为发展的行动研究[D].成都:成都大学,2025.
Yuan ZY. Action research on promoting prosocial behavior development in kindergarten children through outdoor self-directed play[D]. Chengdu:Chengdu University, 2025. (in Chinese)
[30] Schunk D, Berger EM, Hermes H, et al. Teaching self-regulation[J]. Nat Hum Behav, 2022, 6(12):1680-1690.
[31] Veiga G, Guerreiro D, Marmeleira J, et al. Out to in: A body-oriented intervention program to promote preschoolers' self-regulation and relationship skills in the outdoors[J]. Front Psychol, 2023, 14:1195305.
[32] Ernst J, Stelley H. Supporting young children's self-regulation through nature-based practices in preschool[J]. Behav Sci, 2024, 14(11):1013.
[33] Wu JB, Zhang Y, Yang YN, et al. Association between early childhood outdoor activity and anxiety symptoms in preschoolers[J]. BMC Psychiatry, 2025, 25(1):388.
[34] 周琛淼,徐焜,胡昭昭,等.户外活动对武汉城区学龄前儿童心理行为的影响分析[J].国际精神病学杂志,2024,51(1): 108-111.
Zhou CM, Xu K, Hu ZZ, et al. Analysis of the impact of outdoor activities on the psychological behavior of preschool children in urban areas of Wuhan[J].Journal of International Psychiatry, 2024, 51(1):108-111. (in Chinese)
[35] Sobko T, Jia Z, Brown G. Measuring connectedness to nature in preschool children in an urban setting and its relation to psychological functioning[J]. PLoS One, 2018, 13(11):e0207057.
[36] De Martelaer K, De Craemer M, Jidovtseff B, et al. Physical activity recommendations for early childhood: An international analysis of ten different countries'current national physical activity policies and practices for those under the age of 5[M].Bratislava: Slovak Scientific Society for Physical Education and Sport and FIEP, 2019:159-170.
[37] Working Group on Recommendations for Physical Activity in Early Childhood. Joy, play and doing together: Recommendations for physical activity in early childhood 2016[R]. Finland: Ministry of Education and Culture, 2016:35.
[38] Tremblay MS, Chaput JP, Adamo KB, et al. Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for the early years (0 - 4 years): An integration of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep[J]. BMC Public Health, 2017, 17(Suppl 5):874.
[39] Tremblay MS, Carson V, Chaput JP, et al. Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for children and youth: An integration of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep[J]. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2016, 41(Suppl 6):311-327.
[40] National Resource Center for Health and Safety in Child Care and Early Education. Caring for our children. Chapter3: Health promotion and protection[EB/OL].(2019-04-19)[2025-04-25]. https://nrckids.org/files/CFOC4%20pdf-%20FINAL.pdf
[41] Danish Health Authority. Recommendations on physical activity[R/OL].(2018-04-13)[2025-04-25]. https://www.sst.dk/en/english/publications/2020/Health-promotion-package-Physical-activity.
[42] Chief Medical Officers. Start active, stay active: A report on physical activity for health from the four home countries[R].London: Department of Health, 2011.