孕期母体所处环境对子代健康的影响备受关注,其中妊娠期夜间人工光污染(ALAN)作为一种常见但易被忽视的环境因素,因其干扰昼夜节律和诱发对子代健康的潜在影响而日渐引起重视。长期低剂量ALAN是指在夜间遭受到来源于人工光源(如街灯、电子屏幕、室内照明等)的低强度、持续性的光照暴露。光照作为昼夜节律的主要外部因子,其异常暴露可通过机体视交叉上核介导的神经内分泌信号传递,影响生物钟基因的表达及系统性节律稳态,进而影响人体多系统的健康发育和功能。研究表明,ALAN可扰乱睡眠结构,诱发情绪障碍及认知功能损伤,并与代谢异常、心血管功能失调和免疫系统失衡密切相关。妊娠期ALAN可能通过干扰昼夜节律调控相关机制影响胎儿的程序设定,增加子代多系统功能失调和代谢性疾病的风险。本综述总结了妊娠期ALAN对母体和子代昼夜节律,及对子代神经、代谢、心血管及免疫系统等的潜在危害及可能机制,并展望未来的研究方向,以期为相关公共卫生防控策略提供科学依据。
Abstract
The influence of prenatal maternal environment during pregnancy on offspring development has been an increasing concern.Exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN) during pregnancy, as a common but easily neglected environmental factor, has attracted increasing attention because of its interference with circadian rhythm and potential impact on offspring health.Low-level ALAN refers to low-intensity and sustained exposure to artificial light sources (e.g., street lights, electronic devices, indoor lighting, etc.) at night.Because light is a main external factor of circadian rhythm, abnormal exposure to light can affect the expression of circadian clock genes and related metabolic homeostasis through the neuro-endocrine signaling mediated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus, thereby affecting the healthy development and function of multiple systems in the human body.Studies showed that prenatal maternal exposure to ALAN could impair nervous system by inducing sleep and mood disorders and cognitive deficits, and is closely related to metabolic abnormalities, cardiovascular dysfunction and immune system imbalance in the offspring.ALAN during pregnancy may affect fetal programming by interfering with biorhythm-related mechanisms, increasing the risk of offspring multisystem dysfunction.This review summarizes the potential harms and possible mechanisms underlying the effects of ALAN during pregnancy on maternal and offspring circadian rhythm regulation, and functions of neurological, metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune systems, and looks forward to future research directions, so as to provide scientific basis for related public health prevention and control strategies.
关键词
夜间低剂量光污染 /
妊娠期 /
子代 /
昼夜节律 /
代谢调控
Key words
low-level artificial light at night /
pregnancy /
offspring /
circadian rhythm /
metabolic regulation
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