目的 分析学龄前儿童体质量指数(BMI)与可疑远视储备不足之间的关联,为制定儿童近视防控措施提供依据。方法 于2024年5—6月,采用随机整群抽样的方法,抽取丽水城区23所幼儿园,对3 353名儿童进行体格检查以及眼屈光筛查,按《0～6岁儿童眼保健及视力检查工作规范(试行)》进行评估,分析不同BMI与学龄前儿童可疑远视储备不足的关联。结果 3 353名儿童中,检出可疑远视储备不足620人,检出率18.49%,男童可疑远视储备不足检出率(19.94%, 352/1 765)高于女童(16.88%, 268/1 588)差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.216,P=0.022),男女童BMI分布情况差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。消瘦组、正常体重组、超重组和肥胖组四组儿童平均远视储备分别为+1.26±0.43D、+1.26±0.75D、+1.18±0.48D、+1.17±0.74D,差异有统计学意义(F=2.922 P=0.033);组间两两多重比较显示,正常体重组儿童远视储备均值高于超重组和肥胖组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.001)。可疑远视储备不足组儿童的平均体重和BMI大于远视储备正常儿童(F=5.812,4.519,P<0.05);肥胖儿童可疑远视储备不足检出85人,检出率为22.49%,高于体重消瘦、正常、超重组儿童的检出率,差异有统计学意义(H =7.916,P=0.048);肥胖男童可疑远视储备不足检出60人,检出率30.15%,高于肥胖女童可疑远视储备不足的检出率(χ2=14.161,P=0.001)。结论 学龄前儿童BMI与可疑远视储备不足相关,建议将儿童体重管理纳入儿童近视一级预防策略。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and suspected insufficient hyperopic reserve in preschool children, in order to provide evidence for developing myopia prevention strategies. Methods From May to June 2024, a randomized cluster sampling method was used to select 3 353 children from 23 kindergartens in urban Lishui.Physical examinations and refractive screenings were conducted following the Guidelines for Eye Health and Vision Examination in Children Aged 0 - 6 Years (Trial).The association between BMI categories and suspected insufficient hyperopic reserve was analyzed. Results Among 3 353 children, 620 (18.49%) showed suspected insufficient hyperopic reserve.The detection rate was higher in boys (19.94%, 352/1 765) than in girls (16.88%, 268/1 588) (χ2=5.216, P=0.022), though BMI distribution did not differ by sex (P>0.05).The mean hyperopia reserve of children in the emaciated group, the normal weight group, the hypertrophic group and the obese group was +1.26±0.43D, +1.26±0.75D, +1.18±0.48D, +1.17±0.74D, respectively, and post-hoc comparisons revealed higher reserves in normal-weight children versus overweight/obese groups (F=2.922, P=0.033) .Children with suspected insufficient reserve had greater mean weight and higher BMI values (F=5.812, 4.519, P<0.05).The detection rate of hyperopia reserve insufficiency was highest in obese children (85/378, 22.49%; H=7.916, P=0.048), particularly obese boys (60/199, 30.15%; χ2=14.161, P=0.001). Conclusions Preschool children's BMI is associated with suspected insufficient hyperopic reserve.Integrating weight management into primary myopia prevention strategies is recommended.
关键词
体质量指数 /
远视储备 /
近视防控 /
学龄前儿童
Key words
body mass index /
hyperopia reserve /
myopia prevention and control /
preschool children
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