目的 描述1985年—2019年北京市学龄儿童在生长发育水平、身体素质及关键健康状况(肥胖、近视)方面的长期变化趋势。方法 整合利用1985、1991、1995、2000、2005、2010、2014、2019年8次全国学生体质调研的北京数据,并结合北京儿童青少年健康队列(BCHC)及通州区肥胖研究等数据,进行综合趋势分析。结果 1985-2019年,儿童身高、体重均呈增长趋势,但体重增速远高于身高。肥胖问题日益突出,1985-2022年间,男生肥胖率从0.7%激增至30.2%,女生从0.6%增至19.9%。近视率总体上升,但2019年7岁城市儿童近视率较2014年有所下降(男生:34%降至19.63%;女生:34%降至16.17%)。身体素质变化复杂:乡村儿童肺活量在2000—2010年间下降,但在2010-2019年显著回升;同期,乡村儿童50米跑用时减少(速度变快),而城市男生用时增加(速度变慢),耐力跑城乡男女多表现为用时增加,而后用时减少。结论 1985—2019年,北京市学龄儿童生长发育水平持续提高,但伴随着肥胖率和近视率的快速攀升,身体素质发展失衡。2010年后,乡村儿童的身体素质(如肺活量、速度)改善趋势明显,而城乡健康不均衡问题值得关注。
Abstract
Objective To describe the long-term trends (1985—2019) in growth, development, physical fitness, and key health indicators (obesity, myopia) among school-age children in Beijing. Methods Data were consolidated from eight National Student Physical Fitness Surveys conducted in Beijing (1985—2019), supplemented by data from the Beijing Children and Adolescents Health Cohort (BCHC) and a Tongzhou District obesity study, for a comprehensive trend analysis. Results Between 1985 and 2019, both height and weight of children showed an increasing trend, but the growth rate of weight was significantly higher than that of height. The obesity problem has become increasingly prominent: from 1985 to 2022, the obesity rate among boys surged from 0.7% to 30.2%, while girls increased from 0.6% to 19.9%. Myopia rates generally rose, but in 2019 urban children aged 7 showed a decrease compared to 2014 (boys: 34% to 19.63%; girls: 34% to 16.17%). Changes in physical fitness were complex: rural children's lung capacity decreased between 2000—2010 but recovered significantly during 2010—2019; during the same period, rural children's 50 m race times shortened (indicating improved speed), whereas urban boys' times lengthened (indicating slower speed). For staminal running, both urban and rural boys and girls initially showed prolonged completion times, followed by subsequent reductions. Conclusions From 1985 to 2019, Beijing children's growth levels continuously improved, but this was paralleled by a rapid increase in obesity and myopia, indicating imbalanced physical development. After 2010, rural children demonstrated a more significant improvement in physical fitness, highlighting evolving urban-rural health disparities.
关键词
儿童 /
青少年 /
肥胖 /
近视 /
生长发育
Key words
school-age children /
teenager /
obesity /
myopia /
physical growth
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基金
首都卫生发展科研专项(首发2024-2G-1136);中国宋庆龄基金会儿童保健专项基金(宋基会法字[2025]5号);北京市卫生健康委世界卫生组织合作中心项目(2025年)
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