目的 了解京津冀地区城市青少年健康素养状况及其与饮食行为之间存在的关联关系,为京津冀地区青少年饮食行为教育和干预提供参考和帮助。方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法,于2023年4—5月对京津冀地区6 484名初中学生进行健康素养与饮食行为状况的调查,并采用χ2检验、logistic回归分析的方法分析两者之间存在的关联关系。结果 京津冀地区城市青少年健康素养低、中、高等级的比例分别为24.86%、56.92%和18.21%,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=2 500.332,P＜0.01)。青少年早餐摄入不规律、三餐进食不规律、蔬菜水果摄入不足、奶制品摄入不足、经常饮用含糖饮料的比例分别为36.26%、62.49%、19.65%、50.57%、54.84%。logistic回归分析显示,与高等级健康素养相比,低等级健康素养与早餐摄入不规律(OR=1.24)、三餐进食不规律(OR=1.36)、蔬菜水果摄入不足(OR=1.46)、奶制品摄入不足(OR=1.28)、经常饮用含糖饮料(OR=1.41)的不良饮食行为发生存在相关关联(P＜0.05)。结论 京津冀地区城市青少年健康素养处于中等水平,且与饮食行为之间存在负相关,今后可通过提高青少年健康素养水平的方式降低不良饮食行为的发生,促进青少年营养均衡及健康发展。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the status of health literacy among urban adolescents in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region and its association with dietary behaviors, in order to provide reference for dietary education and interventions targeting adolescents in this region. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to survey 6 484 middle school students in the BTH region from April to May 2023, assessing their health literacy and dietary behaviors.Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the association between health literacy and dietary behaviors. Results The proportions of urban adolescents in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region with low, moderate and high health literacy levels were 24.86%, 56.92% and 18.21%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=2 500.332, P<0.01).The proportions of adolescents with irregular breakfast consumption, irregular meal patterns, insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables, inadequate dairy consumption, and frequent sugary drink consumption were 36.26%, 62.49%, 19.65%, 50.57%, and 54.84%, respectively.logistic regression analysis revealed that, compared to those with high health literacy, adolescents with low health literacy were more likely to exhibit poor dietary behaviors, including irregular breakfast consumption (OR=1.24), irregular meal patterns (OR=1.36), insufficient fruit and vegetable intake (OR=1.46), inadequate dairy consumption (OR=1.28), and frequent sugary drink consumption (OR=1.41) (P<0.05). Conclusions Urban adolescents in the BTH region generally have moderate health literacy, which is negatively associated with unhealthy dietary behaviors.Improving health literacy may help reduce the prevalence of poor dietary habits, thereby promoting balanced nutrition and healthy development among adolescents.
关键词
京津冀地区 /
健康素养 /
饮食行为 /
关联
Key words
Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region /
health literacy /
eating behavior /
association
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基金
天津市教委科研计划项目成果(2022SK146)
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