目的 了解重庆市学龄前儿童早期发展(ECD)水平,探索养育环境对其的影响,为相关政策制定和早期教育实践提供理论支持和指导。方法 2024年1月,在重庆市各个区县以学龄前儿童为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、中国儿童早期发展指数、广泛性焦虑障碍量表对儿童主要带养人进行调查,二元Logistic回归分析养育环境对ECD的影响。结果 共获得有效问卷25 914份。重庆市学龄前儿童总体发育平均得分为0.781±0.128,语数能力平均得分为0.745±0.203。书写、坚持性和阅读3个维度得分分别为:0.481±0.359、0.543±0.278、0.661±0.282,低于调查的平均水平。带养人文化程度为高中/中专(OR=0.735)和大专及以上(OR=0.654),家庭年收入5万元及以上(5万元~:OR=0.854、10万元~:OR=0.635,≥25万:OR=0.473)是儿童发育落后的保护因素(P<0.05)。父亲带养(OR=1.232)、祖辈带养(OR=1.162)和屏幕暴露时间≥0.5h/d (0.5h/d~:OR=1.408、1.0h/d~:OR=2.042、≥2.0h/d:OR=3.317)是儿童发育落后的危险因素(P<0.05)。带养人轻度、中度、重度焦虑的儿童发育落后风险分别是带养人无焦虑的1.801、2.571和2.219倍(P<0.001)。结论 重庆市学龄前儿童ECD水平较高,但书写、坚持性和阅读能力还需进一步提升,ECD与养育环境密切相关,有必要开展个性化的干预措施,为儿童构建良好的养育环境,促进儿童早期全面发展。
Abstract
Objective To assess the early childhood development (ECD) level of preschool children in Chongqing,and to explore the influence of caregiving environments on ECD,so as to provide theoretical support and guidance for policy-making and early education practices. Methods In January 2024,preschool children were selectedacross various districts and counties in Chongqing.The survey included a general information questionnaire,the China Early Childhood Development Index,and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale for primary caregivers.Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the impact of caregiving environments on ECD. Results A total of 25 914 valid questionnaires were collected. The overall development score of preschool children in Chongqing was 0.781 ± 0.128,and the overall literacy and numeracy score was 0.745±0.203 in Chongqing.Scores in writing (0.481 ± 0.359),persistence (0.543 ± 0.278),and reading (0.661 ± 0.282) were below the survey average.Protective factors for developmental delays included education level of caregivers (high school/vocational school:OR=0.735,college or above OR=0.654) and annual household income (50 000 yuan:OR=0.854,100 000 yuan:OR=0.635,≥ 250 000 yuan: OR=0.473) (P < 0.05).Risk factors included father as main caregivers (OR=1.232),grandparents as main caregivers (OR=1.162),and screen exposure time (≥0.5h/d:OR=1.408,1.0h/d~:OR=2.042, ≥2.0h/d:OR=3.317) (P < 0.05).Compared to those with non-anxious caregivers,children with caregivers exhibiting mild,moderate,or severe anxiety had 1.801,2.571,and 2.219 times higher risks of developmental delays,respectively (P<0.001). Conclusions ECD levels in Chongqing are relatively high,but writing,persistence,and reading skills require further improvement.ECD is closely associated with nurturing care environment,highlighting the need for personalized interventions to foster supportive environments and promote comprehensive early childhood development.
关键词
儿童早期发展 /
养育环境 /
儿童养育 /
学龄前儿童
Key words
early childhood development /
nurturing care environment /
child rearing /
preschool children
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基金
重庆市卫健委妇幼保健科研培育项目(2022FY104);重庆市研究生科研创新项目(CYS19208);重庆市科学技术协会2023年度智库调研课题(2023KXKT12)
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