目的 探究基于信息-动机-行为技巧(IMB)模型的儿童安全座椅(CSS)促进项目的效果,为0~3岁儿童CSS干预提供依据。方法 选取2024年5—7月青岛市某社区卫生服务中心儿童保健科的110例0~3岁儿童父母为研究对象,随机分为两组,各55例。对照组接受常规儿童健康随访,干预组接受为期4周的基于IMB模型的CSS健康教育。采用广义估计方程模型评估干预效果。结果 干预后,干预组对儿童乘车风险感知相关的感知易感性(β=-1.15)、感知严重性(β=-0.91)、自我效能(β=-0.89)、反应效能(β=-0.74)及类型选择认知(β=-1.28)水平较对照组提高(P＜0.05);干预组乘车安全认知(β=-2.10)、使用动机(β=-1.48)、自我效能(β=-1.42)和客观技能(β=-0.88)水平较对照组提高(P＜0.05),座椅更换认知差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);干预组儿童危险乘车行为中怀抱儿童(OR=0.34)和儿童单独使用安全带(OR=0.44)频次较对照组降低(P＜0.05),儿童乘坐副驾驶频次差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);干预后干预组CSS配备率(OR=2.89)和CSS使用率(OR=3.48)较对照组提高(P＜0.05)。结论 基于IMB模型的CSS干预可以提高父母的儿童乘车风险感知和CSS认知水平,减少危险乘车行为,增加CSS的配备和使用。
Abstract
Objective To explore the effectiveness of a child safety seat (CSS) promotion program based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model, in order to provide evidence for CSS interventions targeting children aged 0 - 3 years. Methods A total of 110 parents of children aged 0 - 3 years were recruited from the child health clinic of a community health service center in Qingdao from May to July 2024, and were randomly divided into two groups, with 55 participants in each group.The control group received routine child health follow-up, while the intervention group underwent a 4-week IMB model-based CSS health education program.A generalized estimating equation model was used to assess the intervention effects. Results After the intervention, the intervention group showed significant improvements compared to the control group in risk perception-related constructs, including perceived susceptibility (β=-1.15), perceived severity (β=-0.91), self-efficacy (β=-0.89), response efficacy (β =-0.74), and knowledge of CSS type selection (β=-1.28) (P<0.05).Additionally, the intervention group demonstrated higher levels of CSS safety knowledge (β=-2.10), usage motivation (β =-1.48), self-efficacy (β=-1.42), and Objective skills (β=-0.88) (P<0.05), though no significant difference was observed in knowledge about seat replacement (P>0.05).The frequency of risky child passenger behaviors, such as holding a child in arms (OR=0.34) and using a seat belt alone for the child (OR=0.44), decreased significantly in the intervention group (P<0.05), while no significant difference was found in the frequency of children sitting in the front passenger seat (P>0.05).After intervention, the CSS ownership rate (OR=2.89) and usage rate (OR=3.48) were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The IMB model-based CSS intervention can enhance parents′ risk perception and CSS knowledge, reduce risky child passenger behaviors, and increase CSS ownership and usage.
关键词
父母 /
儿童安全座椅 /
信息-动机-行为技巧模型
Key words
parents /
child safety seats /
information-motivation-behavioral skills model
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基金
山东省教育厅重点研发项目(2017GSF18131)
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