目的 探讨焦虑和抑郁在父亲教养投入和乡村儿童问题行为之间的作用,为减少乡村儿童问题行为提供理论依据。方法 数据来源于乡村儿童心理健康数据集,该数据集于2021年3—5月采用青少年评价父母教养投入行为问卷父亲版、广泛性焦虑障碍量表、儿童抑郁量表、儿童问题行为量表对全国范围内抽取7个省的16所小学进行调查,共收集乡村儿童样本有效问卷2 498份。本研究选取小学五和六年级的乡村儿童825名。运用Pearson相关性分析探究各变量得分之间的相关性,SPSS PROCESS V4.2宏程序进行Bootstrap分析和链式中介效应检验。结果 相关性分析显示,父亲教养投入与乡村儿童问题行为、焦虑、抑郁等均呈显著负相关(r=-0.213、-0.204、-0.391,P＜0.01),乡村儿童的问题行为得分与焦虑、抑郁等得分呈显著正相关(r=0.353、0.402,P＜0.01),乡村儿童焦虑得分与抑郁得分呈显著正相关(r=0.682,P＜0.01)。中介效应分析显示,父亲教养投入对问题行为的总效应显著(β=-0.213, P<0.05);父亲教养投入对问题行为的直接效应显著(β=-0.089, P<0.05);父亲教养投入对问题行为的间接效应,即焦虑、抑郁的中介效应显著(β=-0.124, P<0.05)。焦虑和抑郁的链式中介效应占总效应的14.55%。结论 提高父亲教养投入水平能减少乡村儿童问题行为,焦虑和抑郁作为链式中介在父亲教养投入与问题行为之间起作用。
Abstract
Objective To explore the role of anxiety and depression in the relationship between paternal involvement and problem behaviors among rural children, so as to provide a theoretical basis for reducing problem behaviors in this population. Methods Data were derived from the Rural Children′s Mental Health Dataset, collected between March and May 2021. The dataset included responses from 16 primary schools across 7 provinces in China, using the Adolescent Evaluation of Paternal Involvement Questionnaire (Father Version), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, the Children′s Depression Inventory, and the Child Behavior Problem Scale. A total of 2 498 valid questionnaires were collected from rural children. This study focused on 825 rural children in the fifth and sixth grades. Pearson correlation analysis was employed to examine the relationships among the variables, and the SPSS PROCESS V4.2 macro was used for Bootstrap analysis and chain mediation effect testing. Results Among the 825 rural children, 368 (44.6%) exhibited no anxiety, 256 (31.0%) had mild anxiety, 154 (18.7%) had moderate anxiety, and 47 (5.7%) had severe anxiety. Additionally, 213 children (25.8%) were found to be at a risk of depression. Correlation analysis revealed that paternal involvement was significantly negatively correlated with rural children′s problem behaviors, anxiety, and depression (r＝-0.213,-0.204,-0.391, P<0.01). Problem behaviors were significantly positively correlated with anxiety and depression (r＝0.353, 0.402, P<0.01), and anxiety was significantly positively correlated with depression (r＝0.682, P<0.01). Mediation analysis indicated that the total effect of paternal involvement on problem behaviors was significant (β＝-0.213, P<0.05), as was the direct effect (β＝-0.089, P<0.05). The indirect effect of paternal involvement on problem behaviors, mediated by anxiety and depression, was also significant (β＝-0.124, P<0.05). The chain mediation effect of anxiety and depression accounted for 14.55% of the total effect. Conclusion Increasing paternal involvement can reduce problem behaviors in rural children, with anxiety and depression serving as chain mediators in the relationship between paternal involvement and problem behaviors.
关键词
乡村儿童 /
焦虑 /
抑郁 /
父亲教养投入 /
问题行为
Key words
rural children /
anxiety /
depression /
paternal involvement /
problem behaviors
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