目的 探讨父母情绪社会化、学龄前儿童情绪调节及儿童焦虑情绪间的关系,为学龄前儿童焦虑情绪的家庭预防提供实证依据。方法 采用整群抽样法,选取西安市3所公立幼儿园415名3~6岁学龄前儿童为研究对象,使用儿童消极情绪回应量表(CCNES)、学龄前焦虑量表(PAS)、情绪调节检核表(ERC)对儿童父母进行问卷调查。采用SPSS 27.0进行Pearson相关分析考察各变量间的相关关系,通过Bootstrap程序和Process插件检验中介效应。结果 1)父母支持性回应与学龄前儿童情绪调节显著正相关(r=0.228, P<0.01),而与学龄前儿童的焦虑水平显著负相关(r=-0.166, P<0.01);父母非支持性回应与学龄前儿童情绪调节显著负相关(r=-0.349, P<0.01),而与学龄前儿童的焦虑水平显著正相关(r=0.281, P<0.01)。2)在中介效应检验中,父母支持性回应对学龄前儿童焦虑的直接效应不显著(β=-0.060, P=0.230),学龄前儿童情绪调节在父母支持性回应与学龄前儿童焦虑间有完全中介效应,中介效应为0.087,占总效应量的62.14%;父母非支持性回应对学龄前儿童焦虑有显著的直接效应(β=0.145, P＝0.002),学龄前儿童情绪调节在父母非支持回应与学龄前儿童焦虑间有部分中介效应,中介效应为0.102,占总效应量的48.57%。结论 父母情绪社会化和学龄前儿童情绪调节对学龄前儿童焦虑情绪有显著影响,且学龄前儿童情绪调节在父母情绪社会化对学龄前儿童焦虑情绪影响中起中介作用。
Abstract
Objective To explore the relationships between parental emotion socialization, children's emotion regulation, and children's anxiety, in order to provide empirical evidence for family-based prevention of anxiety in preschool children. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select 415 children aged 3 - 6 years from three public kindergartens in Xi'an. The Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Scale (CCNES), the Preschool Anxiety Scale (PAS), and the Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC) were administered for data collection. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted using SPSS 27.0 to examine the relationships among variables. The Bootstrap method and the Process plugin were employed to test the mediating effects. Results 1) Parental supportive responses were significantly positively correlated with children's emotion regulation (r＝0.228, P<0.01) and significantly negatively correlated with children's anxiety levels (r＝-0.166, P<0.01). In contrast, parental non-supportive responses were significantly negatively correlated with children's emotion regulation (r＝-0.349, P<0.01) and significantly positively correlated with children's anxiety levels (r＝0.281, P<0.01). 2) In the mediation analysis, the direct effect of parental supportive responses on children's anxiety was not significant (β＝-0.060, P＝0.230). Children's emotion regulation fully mediated the relationship between parental supportive responses and children's anxiety, with a mediation effect of 0.087, accounting for 62.14% of the total effect. Parental non-supportive responses had a significant direct effect on children's anxiety (β＝0.145, P=0.002), and children's emotion regulation partially mediated the relationship between parental non-supportive responses and children's anxiety, with a mediation effect of 0.102, accounting for 48.57% of the total effect. Conclusions Parental emotional socialization and preschooler's emotional regulation have significant effects on preschooler's anxiety, and preschooler's emotional regulation plays a mediating role in the influence of parental emotional socialization on preschooler's anxiety.
关键词
父母情绪社会化 /
父母情绪回应 /
焦虑 /
情绪调节 /
学龄前儿童
Key words
parent emotion socialization /
parental reaction /
anxiety /
emotion regulation /
preschoolers
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基金
陕西省教育科学“十四五”规划课题(SGH24Y2216)
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