目的 分析苏州市相城区学龄前儿童屈光不正现状及其影响因素,为制订儿童屈光不正防控措施提供参考依据。方法 2023年6月,在苏州市相城区10个乡镇街道63家托幼机构的在园儿童中,采用整群抽样的方式,抽取11 698名4~6岁儿童进行屈光度检测和问卷调查,采用χ2检验和二元logistic回归分析进行屈光不正影响因素的分析。结果 学龄前儿童屈光不正检出率为11.82% (1 310/11 804)。中班(OR=1.205)、母亲孕期被动吸烟(OR=1.344)、早产(OR=1.434)、过期产(OR=1.491)、儿童患过眼部疾病(OR=1.762)、看电视的距离未达到电视屏幕对角线5倍(OR=1.287)、偶尔在弱光环境下看书或写字(OR=1.173)、偶尔及经常熬夜(OR=1.166,1.417)是学龄前儿童屈光不正的危险因素(P＜0.05);睡眠12 h以上(OR=0.313)、父亲高学历(大专OR=0.716、本科OR=0.772、硕士及以上OR=0.647)是学龄前儿童屈光不正的保护因素(P＜0.05)。结论 学龄前儿童屈光异常发生风险较高,应定期进行视力筛查,并注重母亲孕期保健,控制和减少儿童可控性眼病,培养儿童良好的用眼及睡眠习惯,早发现、早干预,促进儿童视力健康发展。
Abstract
Objective To analyze the current status of refractive errors among preschool children in Xiangcheng District, Suzhou City, and to identify influencing factors, in order to provide a reference for the development of preventive and control measures for refractive errors in children. Methods A cluster sampling method was employed to select 11 698 children aged 4 - 6 years from 63 kindergartens across 10 towns and streets in Xiangcheng District, Suzhou City in June 2023.These children underwent refractive error screening and completed questionnaires.Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression analysis were used to examine the factors influencing refractive errors. Results The detection rate of refractive errors among preschool children was 11.82% (1 310/11 804).Risk factors for refractive errors included being in the middle class (OR=1.205), maternal passive smoking during pregnancy (OR=1.344), preterm birth (OR=1.434), post-term birth (OR=1.491), history of eye diseases in children (OR=1.762), watching TV at a distance less than five times the diagonal length of the screen (OR=1.287), occasionally reading or writing in dim light (OR=1.173), and occasionally or frequently staying up late (OR=1.166, 1.417) (P<0.05).Protective factors included sleeping more than 12 hours per day (OR=0.313) and higher paternal education levels (college: OR=0.716; undergraduate: OR=0.772; master's degree or above: OR=0.647) (P<0.05). Conclusions The risk of refractive errors among preschool children is relatively high.Regular vision screenings should be conducted, and attention should be paid to maternal health during pregnancy.Efforts should be made to control and reduce preventable eye diseases in children, promote healthy eye use and sleep habits, and implement early detection and intervention to support the healthy development of children's vision.
关键词
屈光不正 /
视力筛查 /
睡眠 /
学龄前儿童
Key words
ametropia /
vision screening /
sleep /
preschoolers
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基金
江苏省苏州市“科教兴卫”青年科技项目课题(KJXW2022083)
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