目的 应用网络分析方法探索初中生焦虑、抑郁和考试焦虑的网络结构,识别症状群中关键症状、桥梁症状,以期深入理解三者间的共病现象,为有效预防和干预提供依据。方法 2023年12月—2024年1月,使用儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表广泛性焦虑分量表、流调中心抑郁量表和多维考试焦虑量表对1 309名初中生进行调查,并使用高斯图网络模型进行网络结构估计。结果 核心症状有“担心自己能不能把事情做好(GAD8)”、“心情低落(CESD3)”、“考试时心跳加速(MTAS8)”、“担心自己不像其它孩子一样好(GAD3)”和“开考前感到恐慌(MTAS11)”等。桥梁症状有“沮丧(CESD1)”、“担心自己不像其它孩子一样好(GAD3)”、“紧张不安(GAD2)”、“担心已经发生的事情(GAD9)”、“孤独(CESD6)”、“考试时难以集中注意力(MTAS14)”和“考试时感到肚子不舒服(MTAS12)”等。结论 可通过针对核心症状和桥梁症状的预防和干预,减少焦虑、抑郁和考试焦虑共病对初中生的负面影响。
Abstract
Objectives To explore the network structure of anxiety, depression, and test anxiety among middle school students using network analysis, and to identify key symptoms and bridge symptoms within the symptom cluster, so as to get a deeper understanding of the comorbidity among these three conditions and provide a basis for effective prevention and intervention. Methods From December 2023 to January 2024, 1 309 middle school students were surveyed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder sub-scale from the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD), and the Multidimensional Test Anxiety Scale (MTAS). Gaussian graphical network models were used to estimate the network structure. Results Core symptoms in the network included "worrying about whether I can do things well (GAD8)", "depressed (CESD3)", "heart races when I take a test (MTAS8)", "worrying about being good as other kids (GAD3)", and "feeling panicked before exams (MTAS11)". Symptoms bridging anxiety, depression and test anxiety included "feeling depressed (CESD1)", "worrying that one is not as good as other children (GAD3)", "feeling nervous and uneasy (GAD2)", "worrying about things that have already happened (GAD9)", "feeling lonely (CESD6)", "having difficulty concentrating during exams (MTAS14)",and "feeling stomach discomfort during exams (MTAS12)". Conclusions The negative impacts of the comorbidity of anxiety, depression and test anxiety symptoms on middle school students could be reduced through prevention and interventions targeting core and bridge symptoms.
关键词
焦虑 /
抑郁 /
考试焦虑 /
网络分析
Key words
anxiety /
depression /
test anxiety /
network analysis
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