目的 了解陕西省学龄前儿童铁缺乏(ID)、缺铁性贫血(IDA)及贫血患病率现况。方法 横断面调查研究,在陕西省采用分层抽样法选取5个城市的15个街道或乡镇为调查点。于2022年6月—2023年4月调查2 160例儿童,按年龄分为婴儿组(0.5~＜1岁)、幼儿组(1~3岁)、学龄前组(3~7岁)。采用问卷收集儿童出生情况、家庭情况等基本信息,采集末梢血液检测血常规及血清铁蛋白。统计学龄前儿童ID、IDA及贫血患病率,采用χ2检验及二元logistic回归分析不同因素间ID、IDA及贫血患病率差异及影响因素。结果 有效调查人数2 156人,男1 075人,女1 081人,婴儿组310人,幼儿组612人,学龄前组1 234人。陕西省学龄前儿童ID、IDA及贫血患病率分别为21.8%、3.4%、10.9%,且关中地区(26.9%、5.2%、16.6%)高于陕北(15.6%、1.2%、1.9%)及陕南(13.2%、0.4%、3.5%)地区,婴儿组(28.7%、5.5%、16.8%)高于幼儿组(22.5%、3.8%、9.8%)及学龄前组(19.7%、2.7%、10.0%),农村县(23.0%、4.1%、14.4%)高于市辖区(19.9%、2.3%、5.7%)。ID、IDA及贫血的危险因素均包括居住在关中地区(OR=3.150、17.274、8.244,P＜0.05)及母亲孕期存在贫血(OR=1.462、10.013、3.764,P＜0.05),保护因素均为按照国家规定体检(OR=0.570、0.434、0.455,P＜0.05)。结论 陕西省学龄前儿童ID、IDA及贫血患病率有显著改善,但仍需重视关中、农村和婴儿等区域和重点人群的贫血防治工作。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the current prevalence rates of iron deficiency (ID), iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and anemia among preschool children in Shaanxi Province. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Shaanxi Province using stratified sampling to select 15 streets or towns from 5 cities as survey sites.From June 2022 to April 2023, 2 160 children were surveyed and grouped by age into the infants group (0.5 - <1 year), toddlers group (1 - 3 years), and preschool group (3 - 7 years).Questionnaires were used to collect basic information about the children's birth and family conditions, while peripheral blood samples were collected for routine blood tests and serum ferritin measurements.The prevalence rates of ID, IDA, and anemia were statistically analyzed using the χ2 test and binary logistic regression was used to explore differences and risk factors associated with these conditions. Results A total of 2 156 valid surveys were completed, including 1 075 boys and 1 081 girls, with 310 in the infant group, 612 in the toddler group, and 1 234 in the preschool group.The prevalence rates of ID, IDA, and anemia among preschool children in Shaanxi Province were 21.8%, 3.4%, and 10.9%, respectively.Among the regions, the prevalence rates in the Guanzhong area (26.9%, 5.2%, 16.6%) were significantly higher than those in northern Shaanxi (15.6%, 1.2%, 1.9%) and southern Shaanxi (13.2%, 0.4%, 3.5%).The infant group (28.7%, 5.5%, 16.8%) had higher rates than the toddler (22.5%, 3.8%, 9.8%) and preschool groups (19.7%, 2.7%, 10.0%).Rural counties (23.0%, 4.1%, 14.4%) had higher rates than urban districts (19.9%, 2.3%, 5.7%).Risk factors for ID, IDA, and anemia included residing in the Guanzhong region (OR=3.150, 17.274, 8.244, P<0.05) and maternal anemia during pregnancy (OR=1.462, 10.013, 3.764, P<0.05).Protective factors for all three conditions included regular health checkups according to national guidelines (OR=0.570, 0.434, 0.455, P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence rates of ID, IDA, and anemia among preschool children in Shaanxi Province,have improred significantly. However, attention should still be paid to the prevention and treatment of anemia in Guanzhong area, rural areas, and infants.
关键词
铁缺乏 /
缺铁性贫血 /
贫血 /
学龄前儿童
Key words
iron deficiency /
iron deficiency /
anemia /
preschool children
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基金
中华国际医学交流基金会项目(Z-2017-27-2102);西安市科学技术局学科能力项目(22YXYJ0005);西安市人民医院(西安市第四医院)科研孵化项目(ZD-20)
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