目的 分析黑龙江省营养包覆盖地区5岁以下儿童营养不良状况,为进一步科学开展儿童营养改善工作提供科学依据。方法 统计2019—2023年黑龙江省项目实施情况,采用χ2检验分析34个项目县及33个非项目县5岁以下儿童营养不良指标的变化及差异。结果 2019—2023年营养包发放率(χ2=15 970.500)和有效服用率(χ2＝1 888.000)呈上升趋势(P<0.05);项目县5岁以下儿童低体重率、生长迟缓率、消瘦率、超重率、肥胖率、贫血率、中重度贫血率均呈下降趋势(P<0.05);项目县上述指标的年均增长率分别为-22.1%、-19.7%、-13.6%、-14.8%、-18.8%、-24.7%、-27.8%,分别是非项目县的1.3、1.3、1.5、2.4、20.9、1.6、0.8倍;2023年项目县5岁以下儿童生长迟缓率(χ2=871.205)、消瘦率(χ2＝884.040)、超重率(χ2＝6 418.899)、肥胖率(χ2＝3 173.702)均低于非项目县(P<0.05)。结论 黑龙江省营养包覆盖地区5岁以下儿童营养不良状况显著改善,应持续有效开展营养改善项目。
Abstract
Objective To analyze the malnutrition status of children under 5 years old in areas covered by the nutrition package program in Heilongjiang Province, so as to provide a scientific basis for further improving child nutrition interventions. Methods The implementation of the program in Heilongjiang Province from 2019 to 2023 was statistically analyzed. Changes and differences in growth and development indicators of children under 5 years old were compared between 34 program counties and 33 non-program counties using statistical tests. Results From 2019 to 2023, the distribution rate (χ2=15 970.500) and effective consumption rate (χ2=1 888.000) of nutrition packages showed an upward trend (P<0.05). In program counties, the rates of underweight, stunting, wasting, overweight, obesity, anemia, and moderate-to-severe anemia among children under 5 years old all demonstrated a declining trend (P<0.05). The average annual reduction rates for these indicators in program counties were -22.1%, -19.7%, -13.6%, -14.8%, -18.8%, -24.7%, and -27.8%, respectively, which were 1.3, 1.3, 1.5, 2.4, 20.9, 1.6, and 0.8 times as high as those of non-program counties. In 2023, the rates of stunting (χ2=871.205), wasting (χ2=884.040), overweight (χ2=6,418.899), and obesity (χ2=3 173.702) in program counties were significantly lower than those in non-program counties (P<0.05). Conclusion The growth and development status of children under 5 years old in areas covered by the nutrition package program in Heilongjiang Province has significantly improved. It is recommended to continue and effectively implement nutrition improvement programs.
关键词
营养包 /
5岁以下儿童 /
生长发育 /
营养不良
Key words
nutrition package /
children under 5 years of age /
growth and development /
malnutrition
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基金
黑龙江省卫生健康委政策研究课题(2023004ZY)
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