目的 探讨害羞特质对学龄前儿童社会技能的影响以及情绪调节的中介作用和执行功能的调节作用,为提升幼儿社会技能提供借鉴。方法 于2021年12月采用儿童行为问卷、情绪调节检核表、执行功能行为评定量表、社会技能评估系统对南京市3所幼儿园共818名3～6岁学龄前儿童的父母进行问卷调查,使用SPSS 27.0的PROCESS 4.0插件验证有调节的中介作用模型。结果 1)害羞特质与学龄前儿童社会技能呈显著负相关(β=-0.24,P<0.01)。2)情绪调节在学龄前儿童害羞特质和社会技能中起部分中介作用,中介效应占比为14.71%(β=-0.29,P<0.01)。3)执行功能调节了害羞特质和社会技能之间的直接路径(β=0.29,95%CI:0.20～0.37,P<0.01)以及情绪调节中介作用的前后半路径(前半路径:β=0.15, 95%CI:0.07～0.24,P<0.01;后半路径:β=0.08, 95%CI:0.01～0.15,P<0.01)。结论 害羞特质与社会技能之间存在有调节的中介效应,情绪调节是两者关系的中介变量,执行功能在害羞特质通过情绪调节预测社会技能的中介模型上发挥了调节作用。通过创设执行功能和情绪调节技能游戏情境,改善个体的认知模式和情绪调节方式,可能会促进幼儿社会技能发展。
Abstract
Objective To explore the impact of shyness traits on young children's social skills, the mediating role of emotion regulation, and the moderating role of executive functions, so as to provide insights for improving social skills in early childhood. Methods In December 2021, a questionnaire survey was conducted among parents of 818 children aged 3 to 6 from three kindergartens in Nanjing using the Child Behavior Checklist, Emotion Regulation Checklist, Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function, and Social Skills Rating System. The PROCESS 4.0 plugin in SPSS 27.0 was used to verify the moderated mediation model. Results 1) Shyness traits were significantly negatively correlated with children's social skills(β=-0.24, P<0.01). 2) Emotion regulation partially mediated the relationship between children's shyness traits and social skills, accounting for 14.71% of the mediation effect(β=-0.29, P<0.01). 3) Executive functions moderated the direct path between shyness traits and social skills(β=0.29, 95%CI: 0.20 - 0.37, P<0.01) as well as both the antecedent and consequent paths of the mediation effect of emotion regulation(antecedent path: β=0.15, 95%CI: 0.07 - 0.24, P<0.01; consequent path: β=0.08, 95%CI: 0.01 - 0.15, P<0.01). Conclusions There is a moderated mediation effect between shyness traits and social skills, with emotion regulation serving as a mediator in this relationship. Executive functions play a moderating role in the mediation model where shyness traits predict social skills through emotion regulation. By creating game situations that develop executive functions and emotion regulation skills, and improving individuals' cognitive patterns and emotion regulation strategies, the development of young children's social skills may be promoted.
关键词
社会技能 /
害羞特质 /
执行功能 /
情绪调节
Key words
social skills /
shyness /
executive function /
emotion regulation
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基金
国家自然科学基金青年基金 (32000759);南京市发育行为医学重点实验室开放课题(NMKLDBP-2025-05);南京医科大学公共卫生学院“双一流”建设科研创新项目全球健康中心开放合作项目(202310-19)
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