目的 调查1985—2019年中国7～18岁儿童青少年爆发力素质的长期趋势,预测2029年爆发力素质发展状况,对未来体质健康政策的制定提供参考。方法 选取1985—2019年全国学生体质健康调研中7～18岁中国汉族儿童青少年立定跳远测试结果的均值、标准差和样本量数据,通过t检验、χ2检验、发展增量和增速进行描述性、推断性分析,用时间序列分析法预测2029年爆发力均值。结果 34年间,7～18岁儿童青少年立定跳远成绩总体水平呈下降趋势。7～18岁城市男生的成绩累积下降2.24cm,增长环比为-1.77%,7～18岁城市女生的成绩累积下降0.86cm,环比为-1.12%。7～18岁乡村男生成绩累积下降了10.83cm,环比为-2.39%,下降幅度较大;7～18岁乡村女生的成绩累积下降了10.54cm,环比为-2.84%。预测结果显示2029年时,中国7～18岁城乡男女生的爆发力素质总体水平均提高。结论 1985—2019年中国儿童和青少年的爆发力素质总体水平呈下降趋势,但近年下降速度减缓,预计2029年时将会提高。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the long-term trend of explosive power among Chinese children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years from 1985 to 2019, predict the status of explosive power in 2029, so as to provide reference for the formulation of future physical health policies. Methods The mean, standard deviation, and sample size data of standing long jump test results for Han Chinese children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years from the national student physical health surveys conducted between 1985 and 2019 were selected. Descriptive and inferential analysis were conducted using t tests, χ2 tests, development increments, and growth rates. Time series analysis was used to predict the mean explosive power in 2029. Results Over the 34-year period, the overall standing long jump performance of children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years showed a declining trend. The cumulative decline for urban boys aged 7 to 18 years was 2.24 cm, with a chain growth rate of -1.77%; and for urban girls, the cumulative decline was 0.86cm, with a chain growth rate of -1.12%. For rural boys aged 7 to 18 years, the cumulative decline was 10.83 cm, with a chain growth rate of -2.39%, indicating a relatively large decline; for rural girls aged 7 to 18 years, the cumulative decline was 10.54 cm, with a chain growth rate of -2.84%. The prediction results showed that by 2029, the overall level of explosive strength among Chinese children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years, both urban and rural, would increase. Conclusion The overall level of explosive power among Chinese children and adolescents declined from 1985 to 2019 but the rate of decline has slowed in recent years, and it is projected to increase by 2029.
关键词
爆发力素质 /
体质监测 /
时间序列 /
儿童青少年
Key words
explosive power /
physical fitness monitoring /
time series /
children and adolescents
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] Fühner T, Kliegl R, Granacher U. Anupdate on secular trends in physical fitness of children and adolescents from 1972 to 2015: A systematic review[J]. Sports Med, 2021,51(2):303-320.
[2] Tomkinson GR, Carver KD, Atkinson F, et al. European normative values for physical fitness in children and adolescents aged 9-17 years:Results from 2 779 165 eurofit performances representing 30 countries[J]. Br J Sports Med,2018,52(22):1445-1456.
[3] Artero EG, España-Romero V, Castro-Piñero J. Criterion-related validity of field-based muscular fitness tests in youth[J]. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 2012,52(3):263-272.
[4] 吴键,袁圣敏.1985—2014年全国学生身体机能和身体素质动态分析[J].北京体育大学学报,2019,42(6):23-32.
Wu J, Yuan SM. Dynamic analysis of national student physical function and fitness from 1985 to 2014[J]. Journal of Beijing Sport University,2019,42(6):23-32.(in Chinese)
[5] 中国学生体质与健康调研组.1985 年中国学生体质与健康研究[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1987:4-6.
[6] 中国学生体质与健康研究组.1991 年中国学生体质与健康监测报告[M].北京:北京科学技术出版社,1995:32-39.
[7] 中华人民共和国国家教育委员会等中国学生体质与健康研究组.中国学生体质与健康调研报告-1995年[M]长春:吉林科学技术出版社,1996:3-4.
[8] 中国学生体质与健康研究组.2000 年中国学生体质与健康调研报告[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002:3-4.
[9] 中国学生体质与健康调研组.2005 年中国学生体质与健康调研报告[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007:8-9.
[10] 中国学生体质与健康研究组.2010 年中国学生体质与健康调研报告[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012:4-5.
[11] 中国学生体质与健康研究组.2014 年中国学生体质与健康调研报告[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2016:4-5.
[12] 中国学生体质与健康研究组.2019 年中国学生体质与健康调研报告[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2021:4-5.
[13] Moliner-Urdiales D, Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, et al. Secular trends in health-related physical fitness in Spanish adolescents: The AVENA and HELENA studies[J]. J Sci Med Sport,2010,13(6):584-588.
[14] Albon HM, Hamlin MJ, Ross JJ. Secular trends and distributional changes in health and fitness performance variables of 10-14-year-old children in New Zealand between 1991 and 2003[J]. Br J Sports Med,2010,44(4):263-269.
[15] Tomkinson GR. Global changes in anaerobic fitness test performance of children and adolescents(1958—2003)[J]. Scand J Med Sci Sports,2007,17(5):497-507.
[16] Visier-Alfonso ME, Sánchez-López M, Álvarez-Bueno C et al. Mediators between physical activity and academic achievement: A systematic review[J]. Scand J Med Sci Sports,2022,32(3):452-464.
[17] Zhang Y, Liu S, Li Y, et al. The relationships between weight status and physical fitness among Chinese children and youth[J]. Res Q Exerc Sport,2019,90(2):113-122.
[18] Armstrong MEG, Lambert MI, Lambert EV. Relationships between different nutritional anthropometric statuses and health-related fitness of South African primary school children[J]. Ann Hum Biol,2017,44(3):208-213.
[19] 中华人民共和国中央人民政府.学生体质健康状况将纳入学校绩效考核[EB/OL].(2019-7-15)[2024-11-7].https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2019-07/15/content_5409825.htm.
[20] Dong Y, Liu WZ, Dong B, et al. Trends in physical fitness, growth, and nutritional status of Chinese children and adolescents:A retrospective analysis of 1.5 million students from six successive national surveys between 1985 and 2014[J]. Lancet Child Adolesc Health,2019,3(12):871-880.
[21] Lang JJ, Tremblay MS, Ortega FB, et al. Review of criterion-referenced standards for cardiorespiratory fitness:What percentage of 1 142 026 international children and youth are apparently healthy[J]. Br J Sports Med,2019,53(15):953-958.
[22] Tambalis KD, Panagiotakos DB, Psarra G, et al. Physical fitness normative values for 6-18-year-oldGreek boys and girls, using the empirical distribution and the lambda, mu, and sigma statistical method[J]. Eur J Sport Sci,2016,16(6):736-746.
[23] Santos R, Mota J, Santos DA, et al. Physical fitness percentiles for Portuguese children and adolescents aged 10-18 years[J]. J Sports Sci,2014,32(16):1510-1518.
PDF(1130 KB)
