目的 探讨基于行为转变理论的营养健康教育对孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童饮食行为的影响,为改善ASD儿童营养状况及饮食行为提供依据。方法 采用便利抽样法,选择2023年3—6月在郑州大学第三附属医院儿童发育行为科被明确诊断为ASD的儿童为研究对象。为避免组间沾染,将儿童发育行为科二病区的住院患者作为干预组,儿童发育行为科一病区的住院患者作为对照组。在住院期间,干预组接受基于行为转变理论的营养健康教育,对照组接受常规营养健康教育。于干预前、干预28d后,通过喂养方式问卷、儿童饮食行为问卷分别评估家长喂养方式及儿童饮食行为。结果 干预组ASD儿童家长干预后工具型、情绪型及控制型喂养方式得分较干预前降低(t=4.920、4.568、2.476),鼓励型喂养方式得分较干预前升高(t=4.724),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预组ASD儿童干预后饱食反应、挑食、食物反应、情绪性饮食减少、情绪性饮食过度得分及儿童饮食行为总分较干预前降低(t=2.947、6.139、2.718、5.559、5.331、3.915),食物享受得分较干预前升高(t=3.579),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 实施基于行为转变理论的营养健康教育可以改善ASD儿童家长的喂养方式,减少ASD儿童饮食行为问题,促进其饮食营养健康。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the impact of nutrition health education based on the trans-theoretical model of behavior (TTM)on the eating behavior of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in order to provide a basis for improving the nutritional status and eating behavior of ASD children. Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select the children who were diagnosed with ASD in the Department of Child Developmental Behavior, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from March 2023 to June 2023. In order to avoid inter-group contamination, inpatients in the second ward of the Department of Child Developmental Behavior were selected into the intervention group and the inpatients in the first ward of the Department of child developmental behavior were selected as the control group. During hospitalization, the intervention group received nutrition health education based on TTM, while the control group received conventional nutrition health education. Parents′ feeding style and children′s eating behavior were evaluated by feeding style questionnaire and children′s eating behavior questionnaire before intervention and 28 days after intervention. Results After the intervention, the instrumental score, emotional score, and control feeding method score of parents of ASD children in the intervention group decreased (t=4.920, 4.568, 2.476), while the encouraging feeding method score increased (t=4.724), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Moreover, scores for satiety response, food selectivity, food reaction, decreased emotional eating, excessive emotional eating, and the total score for children′s eating behavior decreased after the intervention in ASD children in the intervention group (t=2.947, 6.139, 2.718, 5.559, 5.331, 3.915, respectively), while the score for food enjoyment increased (t=3.579), with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusion The implementation of nutrition and health education based on TTM can improve parents′ feeding patterns, reduce the dietary behavior problems of ASD children, and promote their nutritional health of ASD children.
关键词
孤独症谱系障碍 /
营养健康教育 /
饮食行为 /
家长喂养方式
Key words
autism spectrum disorder /
nutrition and health education /
eating behavior /
parental feeding pattern
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基金
河南省医学科技攻关联合共建项目(LHGJ20210435)
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